EVI1 Disruption Post Neuroblastoma Treatment: A Case Analysis of Treatment-Associated Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Pediatric Patient

In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on understanding the long-term consequences of pediatric cancer treatments, particularly the emergence of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Here, we present a case study highlighting the aftermath of treatment, where a pediatric patient, initially treated for neuroblastoma, developed treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (tAML) 6 years later. Our investigation emphasizes the crucial role of EVI1 disruption in accelerating the progression of secondary tumors. This case underscores the significant risk of SMNs following pediatric cancer therapy. By analyzing genetic anomalies, we identified variations in the PTPN11 and KMT2C genes, suggesting a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis in tAML development. Furthermore, our exploration of the involvement of topoisomerase II inhibitors in tAML provides insights into potential future therapeutic approaches. Reporting this case is vital for deepening our understanding of the mechanisms driving SMNs after pediatric cancer treatments. Through a comprehensive analysis of genetic anomalies and treatment variables, we can offer more precise clinical diagnoses and treatment strategies. This approach holds the potential to reduce the occurrence of secondary tumors and improve the long-term prognosis for pediatric patients.