Maxillofacial Traumatic Fractures in a Saudi Pediatric Subpopulation: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Aim: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures among hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric trauma cases admitted to King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Data extracted from medical records was utilized to identify and establish correlations with various variables, including age, gender, trauma etiology, and the type of sustained fracture. Results: The study involved a total of 167 patients. The mean age of the patients was 11.79 years, with the youngest and oldest patients being 2 and 17 years old, respectively. The majority of participants (70.7%, n = 118) were male. A total of 257 fractures were identified, with the highest number (n = 173, 67.3%) occurring in the lower third of the face. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) emerged as the primary cause of trauma in our study, accounting for 73% (n = 122) of cases, followed by falls at 16.8% (n = 28). All instances of polytrauma were linked to RTAs. Fractures in the lower third of the face constituted over two-thirds (67.3%, n = 173) of the total fractures observed. Among the fractures, condyle fractures were the most frequently observed (19.8%, n = 51) in our study.