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Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is frequently assessed using BMI, many epidemiological studies have shown links between body fat distribution and obesity-related outcomes. This study examined the rela...

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Autores principales: Huang, Brian, DePaolo, John, Judy, Renae L., Shakt, Gabrielle, Witschey, Walter R., Levin, Michael G., Gershuni, Victoria M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37883456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293017
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author Huang, Brian
DePaolo, John
Judy, Renae L.
Shakt, Gabrielle
Witschey, Walter R.
Levin, Michael G.
Gershuni, Victoria M.
author_facet Huang, Brian
DePaolo, John
Judy, Renae L.
Shakt, Gabrielle
Witschey, Walter R.
Levin, Michael G.
Gershuni, Victoria M.
author_sort Huang, Brian
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is frequently assessed using BMI, many epidemiological studies have shown links between body fat distribution and obesity-related outcomes. This study examined the relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits using Mendelian Randomization (MR). METHODS/FINDINGS: Genetic variants associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), and gluteofemoral adipose tissue (GFAT), as well as their relative ratios, were identified from a genome wide association study (GWAS) performed with the United Kingdom BioBank. GWAS summary statistics for traits and outcomes related to metabolic syndrome were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Two-sample MR and BMI-controlled multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to examine relationships between each body fat measure and ratio with the outcomes. Increases in absolute GFAT were associated with a protective cardiometabolic profile, including lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: -0.19, [95% CI: -0.28, -0.10], p < 0.001), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.23, [95% CI: 0.03, 0.43], p = 0.025), lower triglycerides (β: -0.28, [95% CI: -0.45, -0.10], p = 0.0021), and decreased systolic (β: -1.65, [95% CI: -2.69, -0.61], p = 0.0019) and diastolic blood pressures (β: -0.95, [95% CI: -1.65, -0.25], p = 0.0075). These relationships were largely maintained in BMI-controlled MVMR analyses. Decreases in relative GFAT were linked with a worse cardiometabolic profile, with higher levels of detrimental lipids and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. CONCLUSION: A MR analysis of ASAT, GFAT, and VAT depots and their relative ratios with metabolic syndrome related traits and outcomes revealed that increased absolute and relative GFAT were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile independently of BMI. These associations highlight the importance of body fat distribution in obesity and more precise means to categorize obesity beyond BMI.
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spelling pubmed-106022642023-10-27 Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study Huang, Brian DePaolo, John Judy, Renae L. Shakt, Gabrielle Witschey, Walter R. Levin, Michael G. Gershuni, Victoria M. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is frequently assessed using BMI, many epidemiological studies have shown links between body fat distribution and obesity-related outcomes. This study examined the relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits using Mendelian Randomization (MR). METHODS/FINDINGS: Genetic variants associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), and gluteofemoral adipose tissue (GFAT), as well as their relative ratios, were identified from a genome wide association study (GWAS) performed with the United Kingdom BioBank. GWAS summary statistics for traits and outcomes related to metabolic syndrome were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Two-sample MR and BMI-controlled multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to examine relationships between each body fat measure and ratio with the outcomes. Increases in absolute GFAT were associated with a protective cardiometabolic profile, including lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: -0.19, [95% CI: -0.28, -0.10], p < 0.001), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.23, [95% CI: 0.03, 0.43], p = 0.025), lower triglycerides (β: -0.28, [95% CI: -0.45, -0.10], p = 0.0021), and decreased systolic (β: -1.65, [95% CI: -2.69, -0.61], p = 0.0019) and diastolic blood pressures (β: -0.95, [95% CI: -1.65, -0.25], p = 0.0075). These relationships were largely maintained in BMI-controlled MVMR analyses. Decreases in relative GFAT were linked with a worse cardiometabolic profile, with higher levels of detrimental lipids and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. CONCLUSION: A MR analysis of ASAT, GFAT, and VAT depots and their relative ratios with metabolic syndrome related traits and outcomes revealed that increased absolute and relative GFAT were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile independently of BMI. These associations highlight the importance of body fat distribution in obesity and more precise means to categorize obesity beyond BMI. Public Library of Science 2023-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10602264/ /pubmed/37883456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293017 Text en © 2023 Huang et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Huang, Brian
DePaolo, John
Judy, Renae L.
Shakt, Gabrielle
Witschey, Walter R.
Levin, Michael G.
Gershuni, Victoria M.
Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title_full Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title_short Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study
title_sort relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: a mendelian randomization study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37883456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293017
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