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Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory pathways have been linked to its pathogenesis. In this retrospective, observational pilot study, we aimed to compare the concentrations of four inflammation-related proteins, ZAG, Reg-3a, elafin...

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Autores principales: Saucedo, Lucia, Pfister, Isabel B., Schild, Christin, Garweg, Justus G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602301/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37883447
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293139
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author Saucedo, Lucia
Pfister, Isabel B.
Schild, Christin
Garweg, Justus G.
author_facet Saucedo, Lucia
Pfister, Isabel B.
Schild, Christin
Garweg, Justus G.
author_sort Saucedo, Lucia
collection PubMed
description Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory pathways have been linked to its pathogenesis. In this retrospective, observational pilot study, we aimed to compare the concentrations of four inflammation-related proteins, ZAG, Reg-3a, elafin and RBP-4, in the serum and aqueous humor of healthy controls and diabetic patients with different stages of DR. The concentrations of VEGF-A, IL-8, IL-6 were determined in parallel as internal controls. In the serum, we did not find significant differences in the concentrations of target proteins. In the aqueous humor, higher levels of ZAG, RBP-4, Reg-3a and elafin were observed in advanced nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/ proliferative DR (PDR) compared to controls. The levels of ZAG and RBP-4 were also higher in advanced NPDR/PDR than in nonapparent DR. Normalization of target protein concentrations to the aqueous humor total protein demonstrates that a spill-over from serum due to breakage of the blood-retina barrier only partially accounts for increased inflammation related markers in later stages. In conclusion, we found elevated levels of Reg-3a, RBP-4, elafin and ZAG in advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, Reg-3a and RBP-4, might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, as the parallel increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules elafin and ZAG might indicate a compensatory mechanism.
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spelling pubmed-106023012023-10-27 Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients Saucedo, Lucia Pfister, Isabel B. Schild, Christin Garweg, Justus G. PLoS One Research Article Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory pathways have been linked to its pathogenesis. In this retrospective, observational pilot study, we aimed to compare the concentrations of four inflammation-related proteins, ZAG, Reg-3a, elafin and RBP-4, in the serum and aqueous humor of healthy controls and diabetic patients with different stages of DR. The concentrations of VEGF-A, IL-8, IL-6 were determined in parallel as internal controls. In the serum, we did not find significant differences in the concentrations of target proteins. In the aqueous humor, higher levels of ZAG, RBP-4, Reg-3a and elafin were observed in advanced nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/ proliferative DR (PDR) compared to controls. The levels of ZAG and RBP-4 were also higher in advanced NPDR/PDR than in nonapparent DR. Normalization of target protein concentrations to the aqueous humor total protein demonstrates that a spill-over from serum due to breakage of the blood-retina barrier only partially accounts for increased inflammation related markers in later stages. In conclusion, we found elevated levels of Reg-3a, RBP-4, elafin and ZAG in advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, Reg-3a and RBP-4, might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, as the parallel increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules elafin and ZAG might indicate a compensatory mechanism. Public Library of Science 2023-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10602301/ /pubmed/37883447 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293139 Text en © 2023 Saucedo et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Saucedo, Lucia
Pfister, Isabel B.
Schild, Christin
Garweg, Justus G.
Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title_full Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title_fullStr Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title_full_unstemmed Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title_short Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
title_sort association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602301/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37883447
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293139
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