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The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development

This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer an...

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Autores principales: Cusick, John K., Alcaide, Jessa, Shi, Yihui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10603948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102695
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author Cusick, John K.
Alcaide, Jessa
Shi, Yihui
author_facet Cusick, John K.
Alcaide, Jessa
Shi, Yihui
author_sort Cusick, John K.
collection PubMed
description This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer and other human diseases. A thorough knowledge of their physiological functions, including the ligand for RELT, is lacking, yet emerging evidence implicates RELTfms in a variety of processes including cytokine signaling and pathways that either promote cell death or survival. T cells from mice lacking RELT exhibit increased responses against tumors and increased inflammatory cytokine production, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that RELT may promote an immunosuppressive environment for tumors. The relationship of individual RELTfms in different cancers is not universal however, as evidence indicates that individual RELTfms may be risk factors in certain cancers yet appear to be protective in other cancers. RELTfms are important for a variety of additional processes related to human health including microbial pathogenesis, inflammation, behavior, reproduction, and development. All three proteins have been strongly conserved in all vertebrates, and this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current knowledge regarding these interesting proteins.
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spelling pubmed-106039482023-10-28 The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development Cusick, John K. Alcaide, Jessa Shi, Yihui Biomedicines Review This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer and other human diseases. A thorough knowledge of their physiological functions, including the ligand for RELT, is lacking, yet emerging evidence implicates RELTfms in a variety of processes including cytokine signaling and pathways that either promote cell death or survival. T cells from mice lacking RELT exhibit increased responses against tumors and increased inflammatory cytokine production, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that RELT may promote an immunosuppressive environment for tumors. The relationship of individual RELTfms in different cancers is not universal however, as evidence indicates that individual RELTfms may be risk factors in certain cancers yet appear to be protective in other cancers. RELTfms are important for a variety of additional processes related to human health including microbial pathogenesis, inflammation, behavior, reproduction, and development. All three proteins have been strongly conserved in all vertebrates, and this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current knowledge regarding these interesting proteins. MDPI 2023-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10603948/ /pubmed/37893069 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102695 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cusick, John K.
Alcaide, Jessa
Shi, Yihui
The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title_full The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title_fullStr The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title_full_unstemmed The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title_short The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development
title_sort relt family of proteins: an increasing awareness of their importance for cancer, the immune system, and development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10603948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102695
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