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Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are small-sized, bilayered extracellular biovesicles generated by almost every cell and released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Based on their origin, they are enriched with a variety of biolo...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10603983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102715 |
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author | Weiskirchen, Ralf Schröder, Sarah K. Weiskirchen, Sabine Buhl, Eva Miriam Melnik, Bodo |
author_facet | Weiskirchen, Ralf Schröder, Sarah K. Weiskirchen, Sabine Buhl, Eva Miriam Melnik, Bodo |
author_sort | Weiskirchen, Ralf |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are small-sized, bilayered extracellular biovesicles generated by almost every cell and released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Based on their origin, they are enriched with a variety of biologically active components including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cellular metabolites, and many other constituents. They can either attach or fuse with the membrane of a target cell, or alternatively be taking up via endocytosis by a recipient cell. In particular, milk exosomes have been recently shown to be a fundamental factor supporting infant growth, health, and development. In addition, exosomes derived from different cell types have been shown to possess regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they are a potential therapeutic tool in modulating the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Therefore, efficient protocols for the isolation of milk exosomes in a high quantity and purity are the basis for establishing clinical applications. Here, we present an easy-to-follow protocol for exosome isolation from bovine and human milk. Electron microscopic analysis and nanoparticle tracking analysis reveal that the protocols allow the isolation of highly enriched fractions of exosomes. The purified exosomes express the typical exosomal protein markers, CD81 and ALIX. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10603983 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106039832023-10-28 Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles Weiskirchen, Ralf Schröder, Sarah K. Weiskirchen, Sabine Buhl, Eva Miriam Melnik, Bodo Biomedicines Protocol Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are small-sized, bilayered extracellular biovesicles generated by almost every cell and released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane. Based on their origin, they are enriched with a variety of biologically active components including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cellular metabolites, and many other constituents. They can either attach or fuse with the membrane of a target cell, or alternatively be taking up via endocytosis by a recipient cell. In particular, milk exosomes have been recently shown to be a fundamental factor supporting infant growth, health, and development. In addition, exosomes derived from different cell types have been shown to possess regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that they are a potential therapeutic tool in modulating the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Therefore, efficient protocols for the isolation of milk exosomes in a high quantity and purity are the basis for establishing clinical applications. Here, we present an easy-to-follow protocol for exosome isolation from bovine and human milk. Electron microscopic analysis and nanoparticle tracking analysis reveal that the protocols allow the isolation of highly enriched fractions of exosomes. The purified exosomes express the typical exosomal protein markers, CD81 and ALIX. MDPI 2023-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10603983/ /pubmed/37893089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102715 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Protocol Weiskirchen, Ralf Schröder, Sarah K. Weiskirchen, Sabine Buhl, Eva Miriam Melnik, Bodo Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title | Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full | Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title_fullStr | Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed | Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title_short | Isolation of Bovine and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles |
title_sort | isolation of bovine and human milk extracellular vesicles |
topic | Protocol |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10603983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102715 |
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