Therapeutic Results and Survival of Patients with Myelofibrosis Treated with Ruxolitinib—A Real-Life Longitudinal Study

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Myelofibrosis is a rare blood cancer, the onset of which usually occurs at an advanced age. Real-life studies on the influence of ruxolitinib on therapeutic results and patient survival are scarce for the disease both worldwide and in Bulgaria, provoking our interest towards this topic. The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic results and survival of patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib in comparison to standard therapy. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic results and survival of patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib in comparison with a group on standard therapy. It is a cross-sectional, retrospective, non-interventional, real-life study that was performed between January 2000 and February 2023. Patients treated between 2000 and 2016, before the introduction of ruxolitinib, constituted the control group (n = 45), while those treated after May 2016, after ruxolitinib inclusion, constituted the active group (n = 66). Demographic characteristics, clinical indicators, the severity of the disease, and survival were explored using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Spearman’s correlation, linear regression, and other statistical analyses were performed. According to the Kaplan–Meier analysis, there was a 75.33% reduction in the fatality risk in the sample. On a general-population level, the fatality risk in the group treated with ruxolitinib varied between 7.9% and 77.18% compared to that of the risk in the control group. There was a decrease in blood parameters (leukocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets) and spleen size. During the first six months, the spleen size of the patients on ruxolitinib decreased by 6%, and during the second six months, it decreased by another 9%. This study shows that patients in a real-life clinical setting treated with ruxolitinib exhibited improved clinical signs of the disease, had a lower symptom severity, and survived longer than patients on standard therapy before ruxolitinib’s entrance into the national market. The improvements correlate with those reported in randomized clinical trials.