The Nervous System Development Regulator Neuropilin-1 as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Brain Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that regulate nervous system development may be at the origin of brain tumors. We reviewed the role of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a transmembrane glycoprotein that directs neuronal migration during development, in brain cancer types that afflict children or adults. We also present gene expression analysis showing that higher NRP1 expression is associated with higher grade tumors compared to lower grade tumors or non-tumoral brain tissue. Importantly, higher tumoral NRP1 mRNA content in glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a worst patient prognosis. This evidence supports the view that NRP1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in brain tumors. ABSTRACT: Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that regulate developmental processes in the nervous system and other tissues. Overexpression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) occurs in many solid tumor types and, in several instances, may predict patient outcome in terms of overall survival. Experimental inhibition of NRP1 activity can display antitumor effects in different cancer models. Here, we review NRP1 expression and function in adult and pediatric brain cancers, particularly glioblastomas (GBMs) and medulloblastomas, and present analyses of NRP1 transcript levels and their association with patient survival in GBMs. The case of NRP1 highlights the potential of regulators of neurodevelopment as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain cancer.