The Relationship between Thyrotropin Serum Concentrations and Thyroid Carcinoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) plays a role in the regulation of thyroid hormones and is an important indicator for assessing thyroid function. Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common tumor of endocrine system, and its incidence rate is increasing year by year. The role of TSH in the thyroid gland suggests a potential influence on the occurrence and progression of TC, which has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Based on the controversial fact that TSH may affect TC, this article reviews the epidemiological evidence and potential mechanisms of the relationship between TSH and TC, in order to provide valuable references for future research work. ABSTRACT: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and plays a role in regulating the production and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. This precise feedback loop is essential for maintaining a harmonious balance of thyroid hormones in the body, which are vital for numerous physiological processes. Consequently, TSH serves as a significant marker in assessing thyroid function, and deviations from normal TSH levels may indicate the presence of a thyroid disorder. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the malignant tumor within the endocrine system. In recent years, numerous experts have dedicated their efforts to discovering efficacious biomarkers for TC. These biomarkers aim to improve the accurate identification of tumors with a poor prognosis, as well as facilitate active monitoring of tumors with a more favorable prognosis. The role of TSH in the thyroid gland underscores its potential influence on the occurrence and progression of TC, which has garnered attention in the scientific community. However, due to the limited scope of clinical research and the dearth of high-quality foundational studies, the precise impact of TSH on TC remains unclear. Consequently, we present a comprehensive review of this subject, aiming to offer a valuable reference for future research endeavors.