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Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making

Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have cognitive dysfunction in many aspects, however, these patients’ decision-making function remains unclear. In this study, the Game of Dice Task (GDT) was used to investigate the function of decision making in patients with OSAS. M...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Yanyan, Su, Dongmei, Lv, Zhi, Xie, Fei, Hu, Panpan, Porter, Kierstin L. A., Mazzei, Isabella, Chin, Jaeson D., Wang, Yongsheng, Fang, Yujiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10605234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37891804
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101436
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author Zhao, Lei
Zhao, Yanyan
Su, Dongmei
Lv, Zhi
Xie, Fei
Hu, Panpan
Porter, Kierstin L. A.
Mazzei, Isabella
Chin, Jaeson D.
Wang, Yongsheng
Fang, Yujiang
author_facet Zhao, Lei
Zhao, Yanyan
Su, Dongmei
Lv, Zhi
Xie, Fei
Hu, Panpan
Porter, Kierstin L. A.
Mazzei, Isabella
Chin, Jaeson D.
Wang, Yongsheng
Fang, Yujiang
author_sort Zhao, Lei
collection PubMed
description Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have cognitive dysfunction in many aspects, however, these patients’ decision-making function remains unclear. In this study, the Game of Dice Task (GDT) was used to investigate the function of decision making in patients with OSAS. Methods: 30 participants with moderate to severe OSAS and 27 participants with no or mild OSAS diagnosed by sleep breathing monitor were selected from June 2021 to March 2022. Risky decision making was tested through the GDT with known risk probability. General demographic information and background cognitive functions, such as the overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning, were tested to establish baseline data. Results: There were no significant differences in gender, age, and years of education between the two groups. During the GDT, the moderate to severe OSAS group opted for the safety option at a statistically significant lower rate when compared to the no or mild OSAS group (7.53 ± 4.43 vs. 10.26 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The moderate to severe OSAS group utilized the higher risk option than the group with no or mild OSAS (10.47 ± 4.43 vs. 7.74 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The utilization rate of negative feedback in the moderate and severe OSAS group was lower than that in the no or mild OSAS group (7.50, 52.50 vs. 28.57, 100.00, p = 0.001). At the end of the GDT, the moderate and severe OSAS group was more likely to have negative total assets than the patients with no or mild OSAS (−1846.67 ± 2587.20 vs. 300.00 ± 1509.97, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that there is a negative correlation between the selection of risk options and negative feedback utilization in the GDT. Conclusion: Patients with moderate and severe OSAS displayed impaired decision-making throughout the study. Impaired decision-making is related to executive processes and may be caused by diminished prefrontal cortex functioning. However, the functions of memory, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation are relatively retained.
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spelling pubmed-106052342023-10-28 Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making Zhao, Lei Zhao, Yanyan Su, Dongmei Lv, Zhi Xie, Fei Hu, Panpan Porter, Kierstin L. A. Mazzei, Isabella Chin, Jaeson D. Wang, Yongsheng Fang, Yujiang Brain Sci Article Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have cognitive dysfunction in many aspects, however, these patients’ decision-making function remains unclear. In this study, the Game of Dice Task (GDT) was used to investigate the function of decision making in patients with OSAS. Methods: 30 participants with moderate to severe OSAS and 27 participants with no or mild OSAS diagnosed by sleep breathing monitor were selected from June 2021 to March 2022. Risky decision making was tested through the GDT with known risk probability. General demographic information and background cognitive functions, such as the overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning, were tested to establish baseline data. Results: There were no significant differences in gender, age, and years of education between the two groups. During the GDT, the moderate to severe OSAS group opted for the safety option at a statistically significant lower rate when compared to the no or mild OSAS group (7.53 ± 4.43 vs. 10.26 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The moderate to severe OSAS group utilized the higher risk option than the group with no or mild OSAS (10.47 ± 4.43 vs. 7.74 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The utilization rate of negative feedback in the moderate and severe OSAS group was lower than that in the no or mild OSAS group (7.50, 52.50 vs. 28.57, 100.00, p = 0.001). At the end of the GDT, the moderate and severe OSAS group was more likely to have negative total assets than the patients with no or mild OSAS (−1846.67 ± 2587.20 vs. 300.00 ± 1509.97, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that there is a negative correlation between the selection of risk options and negative feedback utilization in the GDT. Conclusion: Patients with moderate and severe OSAS displayed impaired decision-making throughout the study. Impaired decision-making is related to executive processes and may be caused by diminished prefrontal cortex functioning. However, the functions of memory, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation are relatively retained. MDPI 2023-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10605234/ /pubmed/37891804 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101436 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhao, Lei
Zhao, Yanyan
Su, Dongmei
Lv, Zhi
Xie, Fei
Hu, Panpan
Porter, Kierstin L. A.
Mazzei, Isabella
Chin, Jaeson D.
Wang, Yongsheng
Fang, Yujiang
Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title_full Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title_fullStr Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title_short Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making
title_sort cognitive functions in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with emphasis on executive functions and decision-making
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10605234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37891804
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101436
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