Investigation of Genetic Factors and Clinical Data in Breast Cancer Highlights the Importance of Breastfeeding and Cancer History

Breast cancer (BC) is the type of neoplasm that most affects women worldwide. It is known that one of the hallmarks of cancer is the resistance to cell death with the evasion of apoptosis. Considering the relevance of TP53, BCL2, CASP3, and CASP9 genes for the occurrence of the intrinsic apoptosis, this study investigated the distribution of the genetic variants rs17880560 (TP53), rs11269260 (BCL2), rs4647655 (CASP3), rs4645982, and rs61079693 (CASP9), as well as genetic ancestry and clinical data, in a BC cohort from the Brazilian Amazon that other variants in these genes might play a role in this process. In the present study, 22 breast cancer tissues and 10 non-cancerous tissues were used, therefore, 32 samples from different patients were subjected to genotyping. We observed that breastfeeding and cancer history were factors that need to be considered for BC (p = 0.022). Therefore, this study contributed to a greater understanding of intrinsic apoptosis in BC, reinforcing previous data that suggest that the history of cancer might be a condition that affects the development of BC and that breastfeeding may act as a protective factor for this type of cancer. We recommend more studies on the genetic factors investigated here, aiming at a future with tools that can help in the early diagnosis.