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Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions
Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic condition...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10605475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37887547 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100647 |
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author | Bahmad, Hisham F. Gogola, Samantha Rejzer, Michael Stoyanov, Kalin Gomez, Aaron S. Valencia, Ann-Katrin Cummings, Adonicah Skerry, Timothy Alloush, Ferial Aljamal, Abed A. Deb, Arunima Alghamdi, Sarah Poppiti, Robert |
author_facet | Bahmad, Hisham F. Gogola, Samantha Rejzer, Michael Stoyanov, Kalin Gomez, Aaron S. Valencia, Ann-Katrin Cummings, Adonicah Skerry, Timothy Alloush, Ferial Aljamal, Abed A. Deb, Arunima Alghamdi, Sarah Poppiti, Robert |
author_sort | Bahmad, Hisham F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss various signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors implicated in the development and progression of PNI. We also describe the methodology, benefits, and limitations of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PNI. The spectrum of presentation for PNI can range from diffuse spread within large nerves (“named” nerves) all the way through localized spread into unnamed microscopic nerves. Therefore, the clinical significance of PNI is related to its extent rather than its mere presence or absence. In this article, we discuss the guidelines for the identification and quantification of PNI in different malignant neoplasms based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also describe benign pathologic conditions and neoplasms demonstrating PNI and potential mimics of PNI. Finally, we explore avenues for the future development of targeted therapy options via modulation of signaling pathways involved in PNI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10605475 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106054752023-10-28 Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions Bahmad, Hisham F. Gogola, Samantha Rejzer, Michael Stoyanov, Kalin Gomez, Aaron S. Valencia, Ann-Katrin Cummings, Adonicah Skerry, Timothy Alloush, Ferial Aljamal, Abed A. Deb, Arunima Alghamdi, Sarah Poppiti, Robert Curr Oncol Review Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss various signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors implicated in the development and progression of PNI. We also describe the methodology, benefits, and limitations of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PNI. The spectrum of presentation for PNI can range from diffuse spread within large nerves (“named” nerves) all the way through localized spread into unnamed microscopic nerves. Therefore, the clinical significance of PNI is related to its extent rather than its mere presence or absence. In this article, we discuss the guidelines for the identification and quantification of PNI in different malignant neoplasms based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also describe benign pathologic conditions and neoplasms demonstrating PNI and potential mimics of PNI. Finally, we explore avenues for the future development of targeted therapy options via modulation of signaling pathways involved in PNI. MDPI 2023-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10605475/ /pubmed/37887547 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100647 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bahmad, Hisham F. Gogola, Samantha Rejzer, Michael Stoyanov, Kalin Gomez, Aaron S. Valencia, Ann-Katrin Cummings, Adonicah Skerry, Timothy Alloush, Ferial Aljamal, Abed A. Deb, Arunima Alghamdi, Sarah Poppiti, Robert Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title_full | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title_fullStr | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title_short | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
title_sort | unraveling the mysteries of perineural invasion in benign and malignant conditions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10605475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37887547 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100647 |
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