Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Neutropenia: A Systematic Review

SIMPLE SUMMARY: ALK inhibitors have improved survival and quality of life for patients compared to chemotherapy. These treatments can cause haematological toxicities, particularly neutropenia. The management of side effects to avoid treatment interruptions is essential. Our literature review aims to improve the knowledge of ALK inhibitor-induced neutropenia in order to improve their management. ABSTRACT: Lung cancers with ALK rearrangement represent less than 5% of all lung cancers. ALK inhibitors are currently used to treat first-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement. Compared to chemotherapy, ALK inhibitors have improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life for patients. The results of several phase 3 studies with a follow-up of over 6 years suggest that the life expectancy of these patients treated with targeted therapies is significantly higher than 5 years and could approach 10 years. Nevertheless, these treatments induce haematological toxicities, including neutropenia. Few data are available on neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors and on the pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic adaptations necessary to continue the treatment. Given the high efficacy of these treatments, managing side effects to avoid treatment interruptions is essential. Here, we have reviewed the data from published clinical studies and case reports to provide an overview of neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors.