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Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group

Background: Orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes mainly characterized by painful attacks localized in facial and oral structures. According to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), the last three groups (non-dental facial pain, NDFP) are cranial...

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Autores principales: Reina, Federica, Salemi, Giuseppe, Capizzi, Mariarita, Lo Cascio, Salvatore, Marino, Antonio, Santangelo, Giuseppe, Santangelo, Andrea, Mineri, Mirko, Brighina, Filippo, Raieli, Vincenzo, Costa, Carmelo Attilio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10606289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37887684
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206946
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author Reina, Federica
Salemi, Giuseppe
Capizzi, Mariarita
Lo Cascio, Salvatore
Marino, Antonio
Santangelo, Giuseppe
Santangelo, Andrea
Mineri, Mirko
Brighina, Filippo
Raieli, Vincenzo
Costa, Carmelo Attilio
author_facet Reina, Federica
Salemi, Giuseppe
Capizzi, Mariarita
Lo Cascio, Salvatore
Marino, Antonio
Santangelo, Giuseppe
Santangelo, Andrea
Mineri, Mirko
Brighina, Filippo
Raieli, Vincenzo
Costa, Carmelo Attilio
author_sort Reina, Federica
collection PubMed
description Background: Orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes mainly characterized by painful attacks localized in facial and oral structures. According to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), the last three groups (non-dental facial pain, NDFP) are cranial neuralgias, facial pain syndromes resembling primary headache syndromes, and idiopathic orofacial pain. These are often clinical challenges because the symptoms may be similar or common among different disorders. The diagnostic efforts often induce a complex diagnostic algorithm and lead to several imaging studies or specialized tests, which are not always necessary. The aim of this study was to describe the encountered difficulties by these patients during the diagnostic–therapeutic course. Methods: This study was based on the responses to a survey questionnaire, administered to an Italian Facebook Orofacial Patient Group, searching for pain characteristics and diagnostic–therapeutic care courses. The questionnaire was filled out by patients affected by orofacial pain, who were 18 years and older, using a free online tool available on tablets, smartphones, and computers. Results: The sample was composed of 320 subjects (244F/76M), subdivided by age range (18–35 ys: 17.2%; 36–55 ys: 55.0%; >55 ys 27.8%). Most of the patients were affected by OFP for more than 3 years The sample presented one OFP diagnosis in 60% of cases, more than one in 36.2% of cases, and 3.8% not classified. Trigeminal neuralgia is more represented, followed by cluster headaches and migraines. About 70% had no pain remission, showing persisting background pain (VAS median = 7); autonomic cranial signs during a pain attack ranged between 45 and 65%. About 70% of the subjects consulted at least two different specialists. Almost all received drug treatment, about 25% received four to nine drug treatments, 40% remained unsatisfied, and almost 50% received no pharmacological treatment, together with drug therapy. Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on an OFP population not selected by a third-level specialized center. The authors believe this represents a realistic perspective of what orofacial pain subjects suffer during their diagnostic–therapeutic course and the medical approach often results in unsatisfactory outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-106062892023-10-28 Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group Reina, Federica Salemi, Giuseppe Capizzi, Mariarita Lo Cascio, Salvatore Marino, Antonio Santangelo, Giuseppe Santangelo, Andrea Mineri, Mirko Brighina, Filippo Raieli, Vincenzo Costa, Carmelo Attilio Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes mainly characterized by painful attacks localized in facial and oral structures. According to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), the last three groups (non-dental facial pain, NDFP) are cranial neuralgias, facial pain syndromes resembling primary headache syndromes, and idiopathic orofacial pain. These are often clinical challenges because the symptoms may be similar or common among different disorders. The diagnostic efforts often induce a complex diagnostic algorithm and lead to several imaging studies or specialized tests, which are not always necessary. The aim of this study was to describe the encountered difficulties by these patients during the diagnostic–therapeutic course. Methods: This study was based on the responses to a survey questionnaire, administered to an Italian Facebook Orofacial Patient Group, searching for pain characteristics and diagnostic–therapeutic care courses. The questionnaire was filled out by patients affected by orofacial pain, who were 18 years and older, using a free online tool available on tablets, smartphones, and computers. Results: The sample was composed of 320 subjects (244F/76M), subdivided by age range (18–35 ys: 17.2%; 36–55 ys: 55.0%; >55 ys 27.8%). Most of the patients were affected by OFP for more than 3 years The sample presented one OFP diagnosis in 60% of cases, more than one in 36.2% of cases, and 3.8% not classified. Trigeminal neuralgia is more represented, followed by cluster headaches and migraines. About 70% had no pain remission, showing persisting background pain (VAS median = 7); autonomic cranial signs during a pain attack ranged between 45 and 65%. About 70% of the subjects consulted at least two different specialists. Almost all received drug treatment, about 25% received four to nine drug treatments, 40% remained unsatisfied, and almost 50% received no pharmacological treatment, together with drug therapy. Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on an OFP population not selected by a third-level specialized center. The authors believe this represents a realistic perspective of what orofacial pain subjects suffer during their diagnostic–therapeutic course and the medical approach often results in unsatisfactory outcomes. MDPI 2023-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10606289/ /pubmed/37887684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206946 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Reina, Federica
Salemi, Giuseppe
Capizzi, Mariarita
Lo Cascio, Salvatore
Marino, Antonio
Santangelo, Giuseppe
Santangelo, Andrea
Mineri, Mirko
Brighina, Filippo
Raieli, Vincenzo
Costa, Carmelo Attilio
Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title_full Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title_fullStr Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title_full_unstemmed Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title_short Orofacial Migraine and Other Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes: A Clinical Survey of a Social Orofacial Patient Group
title_sort orofacial migraine and other idiopathic non-dental facial pain syndromes: a clinical survey of a social orofacial patient group
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10606289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37887684
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206946
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