Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review

Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic...

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Autores principales: Holmannova, Drahomira, Borsky, Pavel, Parova, Helena, Stverakova, Tereza, Vosmik, Milan, Hruska, Libor, Fiala, Zdenek, Borska, Lenka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10607657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37895144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015468
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author Holmannova, Drahomira
Borsky, Pavel
Parova, Helena
Stverakova, Tereza
Vosmik, Milan
Hruska, Libor
Fiala, Zdenek
Borska, Lenka
author_facet Holmannova, Drahomira
Borsky, Pavel
Parova, Helena
Stverakova, Tereza
Vosmik, Milan
Hruska, Libor
Fiala, Zdenek
Borska, Lenka
author_sort Holmannova, Drahomira
collection PubMed
description Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis.
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spelling pubmed-106076572023-10-28 Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review Holmannova, Drahomira Borsky, Pavel Parova, Helena Stverakova, Tereza Vosmik, Milan Hruska, Libor Fiala, Zdenek Borska, Lenka Int J Mol Sci Review Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis. MDPI 2023-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10607657/ /pubmed/37895144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015468 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Holmannova, Drahomira
Borsky, Pavel
Parova, Helena
Stverakova, Tereza
Vosmik, Milan
Hruska, Libor
Fiala, Zdenek
Borska, Lenka
Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title_full Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title_fullStr Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title_full_unstemmed Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title_short Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging—The Review
title_sort non-genomic hallmarks of aging—the review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10607657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37895144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015468
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