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Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae

Red coloration is considered an economically important trait in some fish species, including spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish. Erythrophores are gradually covered by melanophores from the embryonic stage. Despite studies of black spot formation and melanophore coloration in the species, littl...

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Autores principales: Liao, Yongguan, Shi, Hongjuan, Han, Tong, Jiang, Dongneng, Lu, Baoyue, Shi, Gang, Zhu, Chunhua, Li, Guangli
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10607709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37895036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015356
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author Liao, Yongguan
Shi, Hongjuan
Han, Tong
Jiang, Dongneng
Lu, Baoyue
Shi, Gang
Zhu, Chunhua
Li, Guangli
author_facet Liao, Yongguan
Shi, Hongjuan
Han, Tong
Jiang, Dongneng
Lu, Baoyue
Shi, Gang
Zhu, Chunhua
Li, Guangli
author_sort Liao, Yongguan
collection PubMed
description Red coloration is considered an economically important trait in some fish species, including spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish. Erythrophores are gradually covered by melanophores from the embryonic stage. Despite studies of black spot formation and melanophore coloration in the species, little is known about erythrophore development, which is responsible for red coloration. 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) is a tyrosinase inhibitor commonly used to inhibit melanogenesis and contribute to the visualization of embryonic development. In this study, spotted scat embryos were treated with 0.003% PTU from 0 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) to inhibit melanin. Erythrophores were clearly observed during the embryonic stage from 14 to 72 hpf, showing an initial increase (14 to 36 hpf), followed by a gradual decrease (36 to 72 hpf). The number and size of erythrophores at 36 hpf were larger than those at 24 and 72 hpf. At 36 hpf, LC–MS and absorbance spectrophotometry revealed that the carotenoid content was eight times higher than the pteridine content, and β-carotene and lutein were the main pigments related to red coloration in spotted scat larvae. Compared with their expression in the normal hatching group, rlbp1b, rbp1.1, and rpe65a related to retinol metabolism and soat2 and apoa1 related to steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in the PTU group, and rh2 associated with phototransduction was significantly down-regulated. By qRT-PCR, the expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid metabolism (scarb1, plin6, plin2, apoda, bco1, and rep65a), pteridine synthesis (gch2), and chromatophore differentiation (slc2a15b and csf1ra) were significantly higher at 36 hpf than at 24 hpf and 72 hpf, except for bco1. These gene expression profiles were consistent with the developmental changes of erythrophores. These findings provide insights into pigment cell differentiation and gene function in the regulation of red coloration and contribute to selective breeding programs for ornamental aquatic animals.
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spelling pubmed-106077092023-10-28 Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae Liao, Yongguan Shi, Hongjuan Han, Tong Jiang, Dongneng Lu, Baoyue Shi, Gang Zhu, Chunhua Li, Guangli Int J Mol Sci Article Red coloration is considered an economically important trait in some fish species, including spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish. Erythrophores are gradually covered by melanophores from the embryonic stage. Despite studies of black spot formation and melanophore coloration in the species, little is known about erythrophore development, which is responsible for red coloration. 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) is a tyrosinase inhibitor commonly used to inhibit melanogenesis and contribute to the visualization of embryonic development. In this study, spotted scat embryos were treated with 0.003% PTU from 0 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) to inhibit melanin. Erythrophores were clearly observed during the embryonic stage from 14 to 72 hpf, showing an initial increase (14 to 36 hpf), followed by a gradual decrease (36 to 72 hpf). The number and size of erythrophores at 36 hpf were larger than those at 24 and 72 hpf. At 36 hpf, LC–MS and absorbance spectrophotometry revealed that the carotenoid content was eight times higher than the pteridine content, and β-carotene and lutein were the main pigments related to red coloration in spotted scat larvae. Compared with their expression in the normal hatching group, rlbp1b, rbp1.1, and rpe65a related to retinol metabolism and soat2 and apoa1 related to steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in the PTU group, and rh2 associated with phototransduction was significantly down-regulated. By qRT-PCR, the expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid metabolism (scarb1, plin6, plin2, apoda, bco1, and rep65a), pteridine synthesis (gch2), and chromatophore differentiation (slc2a15b and csf1ra) were significantly higher at 36 hpf than at 24 hpf and 72 hpf, except for bco1. These gene expression profiles were consistent with the developmental changes of erythrophores. These findings provide insights into pigment cell differentiation and gene function in the regulation of red coloration and contribute to selective breeding programs for ornamental aquatic animals. MDPI 2023-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10607709/ /pubmed/37895036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015356 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liao, Yongguan
Shi, Hongjuan
Han, Tong
Jiang, Dongneng
Lu, Baoyue
Shi, Gang
Zhu, Chunhua
Li, Guangli
Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title_full Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title_fullStr Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title_full_unstemmed Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title_short Pigment Identification and Gene Expression Analysis during Erythrophore Development in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Larvae
title_sort pigment identification and gene expression analysis during erythrophore development in spotted scat (scatophagus argus) larvae
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10607709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37895036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015356
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