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The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in...

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Autor principal: Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888011
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100839
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author Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A.
author_facet Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A.
author_sort Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A.
collection PubMed
description The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements. Among these methods, techniques based on the application of various types of liquid membranes (LMs) play an important role, primarily due to their high efficiency, the simplicity of membrane formation and use, the utilization of only small amounts of environmentally hazardous reagents, and the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction and reusing the membranes after regeneration. However, because both primary and secondary sources (e.g., waste) of REEs are usually complex and contain a wide variety of components, and the selectivity and efficiency of LMs depend on many factors (e.g., the composition and form of the membrane, nature of the recovered ions, composition of the feed and stripping phases, etc.), new membranes are being developed that are “tailored” to the properties of the recovered rare earth elements and to the character of the solution in which they occur. This review describes the latest achievements (since 2019) related to the recovery of a range of REEs with the use of various liquid membranes (supported liquid membranes (SLMs), emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)), with particular emphasis on methods that fall within the trend of eco-friendly solutions.
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spelling pubmed-106083052023-10-28 The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A. Membranes (Basel) Review The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements. Among these methods, techniques based on the application of various types of liquid membranes (LMs) play an important role, primarily due to their high efficiency, the simplicity of membrane formation and use, the utilization of only small amounts of environmentally hazardous reagents, and the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction and reusing the membranes after regeneration. However, because both primary and secondary sources (e.g., waste) of REEs are usually complex and contain a wide variety of components, and the selectivity and efficiency of LMs depend on many factors (e.g., the composition and form of the membrane, nature of the recovered ions, composition of the feed and stripping phases, etc.), new membranes are being developed that are “tailored” to the properties of the recovered rare earth elements and to the character of the solution in which they occur. This review describes the latest achievements (since 2019) related to the recovery of a range of REEs with the use of various liquid membranes (supported liquid membranes (SLMs), emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)), with particular emphasis on methods that fall within the trend of eco-friendly solutions. MDPI 2023-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10608305/ /pubmed/37888011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100839 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kaczorowska, Małgorzata A.
The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title_full The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title_fullStr The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title_full_unstemmed The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title_short The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review
title_sort latest achievements of liquid membranes for rare earth elements recovery from aqueous solutions—a mini review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888011
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100839
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