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Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831 |
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author | Komoto, Natsuna Sakebayashi, Hanako Imagawa, Naoto Mizuno, Yuji Nakata, Ibuki Shigetoh, Hayato Kodama, Takayuki Miyazaki, Junya |
author_facet | Komoto, Natsuna Sakebayashi, Hanako Imagawa, Naoto Mizuno, Yuji Nakata, Ibuki Shigetoh, Hayato Kodama, Takayuki Miyazaki, Junya |
author_sort | Komoto, Natsuna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials and Methods: measures included subjective stiffness, pain, muscle hardness, and factors like physical and psychological conditions, pressure pain threshold, postural alignment, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography in 40 healthy young individuals. Results: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with high stiffness, pain, and muscle hardness; Cluster 2 with low stiffness and pain but high muscle hardness; and Cluster 3 with low levels of all factors. Cluster 1 had significantly higher central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) scores than Cluster 2. Subjective stiffness is positively correlated with psychological factors. Conclusions: our results suggest that CSS impacts subjective symptom severity among individuals with similar shoulder muscle hardness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10608656 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106086562023-10-28 Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms Komoto, Natsuna Sakebayashi, Hanako Imagawa, Naoto Mizuno, Yuji Nakata, Ibuki Shigetoh, Hayato Kodama, Takayuki Miyazaki, Junya Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials and Methods: measures included subjective stiffness, pain, muscle hardness, and factors like physical and psychological conditions, pressure pain threshold, postural alignment, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography in 40 healthy young individuals. Results: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with high stiffness, pain, and muscle hardness; Cluster 2 with low stiffness and pain but high muscle hardness; and Cluster 3 with low levels of all factors. Cluster 1 had significantly higher central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) scores than Cluster 2. Subjective stiffness is positively correlated with psychological factors. Conclusions: our results suggest that CSS impacts subjective symptom severity among individuals with similar shoulder muscle hardness. MDPI 2023-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10608656/ /pubmed/37893549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Komoto, Natsuna Sakebayashi, Hanako Imagawa, Naoto Mizuno, Yuji Nakata, Ibuki Shigetoh, Hayato Kodama, Takayuki Miyazaki, Junya Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title | Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title_full | Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title_fullStr | Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title_full_unstemmed | Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title_short | Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms |
title_sort | cluster analysis of subjective shoulder stiffness and muscle hardness: associations with central sensitization-related symptoms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831 |
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