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Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms

Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials...

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Autores principales: Komoto, Natsuna, Sakebayashi, Hanako, Imagawa, Naoto, Mizuno, Yuji, Nakata, Ibuki, Shigetoh, Hayato, Kodama, Takayuki, Miyazaki, Junya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831
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author Komoto, Natsuna
Sakebayashi, Hanako
Imagawa, Naoto
Mizuno, Yuji
Nakata, Ibuki
Shigetoh, Hayato
Kodama, Takayuki
Miyazaki, Junya
author_facet Komoto, Natsuna
Sakebayashi, Hanako
Imagawa, Naoto
Mizuno, Yuji
Nakata, Ibuki
Shigetoh, Hayato
Kodama, Takayuki
Miyazaki, Junya
author_sort Komoto, Natsuna
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials and Methods: measures included subjective stiffness, pain, muscle hardness, and factors like physical and psychological conditions, pressure pain threshold, postural alignment, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography in 40 healthy young individuals. Results: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with high stiffness, pain, and muscle hardness; Cluster 2 with low stiffness and pain but high muscle hardness; and Cluster 3 with low levels of all factors. Cluster 1 had significantly higher central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) scores than Cluster 2. Subjective stiffness is positively correlated with psychological factors. Conclusions: our results suggest that CSS impacts subjective symptom severity among individuals with similar shoulder muscle hardness.
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spelling pubmed-106086562023-10-28 Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms Komoto, Natsuna Sakebayashi, Hanako Imagawa, Naoto Mizuno, Yuji Nakata, Ibuki Shigetoh, Hayato Kodama, Takayuki Miyazaki, Junya Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Understanding the relationships between subjective shoulder stiffness, muscle hardness, and various factors is crucial. Our cross-sectional study identified subgroups of shoulder stiffness based on symptoms and muscle hardness and investigated associated factors. Materials and Methods: measures included subjective stiffness, pain, muscle hardness, and factors like physical and psychological conditions, pressure pain threshold, postural alignment, heart rate variability, and electroencephalography in 40 healthy young individuals. Results: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with high stiffness, pain, and muscle hardness; Cluster 2 with low stiffness and pain but high muscle hardness; and Cluster 3 with low levels of all factors. Cluster 1 had significantly higher central sensitization-related symptoms (CSS) scores than Cluster 2. Subjective stiffness is positively correlated with psychological factors. Conclusions: our results suggest that CSS impacts subjective symptom severity among individuals with similar shoulder muscle hardness. MDPI 2023-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10608656/ /pubmed/37893549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Komoto, Natsuna
Sakebayashi, Hanako
Imagawa, Naoto
Mizuno, Yuji
Nakata, Ibuki
Shigetoh, Hayato
Kodama, Takayuki
Miyazaki, Junya
Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title_full Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title_fullStr Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title_full_unstemmed Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title_short Cluster Analysis of Subjective Shoulder Stiffness and Muscle Hardness: Associations with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms
title_sort cluster analysis of subjective shoulder stiffness and muscle hardness: associations with central sensitization-related symptoms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10608656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37893549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101831
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