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Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?

In glucose-deprived conditions, ketone bodies are produced by the liver mitochondria, through the catabolism of fatty acids, and are used peripherally, as an alternative energy source. Ketones are produced in the body under normal conditions, including during pregnancy and the neonatal period, when...

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Autores principales: Veneti, Stavroula, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Kintiraki, Evangelia, Mintziori, Gesthimani, Goulis, Dimitrios G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10609881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15204383
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author Veneti, Stavroula
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
Kintiraki, Evangelia
Mintziori, Gesthimani
Goulis, Dimitrios G.
author_facet Veneti, Stavroula
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
Kintiraki, Evangelia
Mintziori, Gesthimani
Goulis, Dimitrios G.
author_sort Veneti, Stavroula
collection PubMed
description In glucose-deprived conditions, ketone bodies are produced by the liver mitochondria, through the catabolism of fatty acids, and are used peripherally, as an alternative energy source. Ketones are produced in the body under normal conditions, including during pregnancy and the neonatal period, when following a ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or exercising. Additionally, ketone synthesis is also augmented under pathological conditions, including cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), alcoholism, and several metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, diet is the main regulator of total body ketone concentrations. The KDs are mimicking the fasting state, altering the default metabolism towards the use of ketones as the primary fuel source. Recently, KD has gained recognition as a medical nutrition therapy for a plethora of metabolic conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present review aims to discuss the role of ketones, KDs, ketonemia, and ketonuria in DM, presenting all the available new evidence in a comprehensive manner.
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spelling pubmed-106098812023-10-28 Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe? Veneti, Stavroula Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Kintiraki, Evangelia Mintziori, Gesthimani Goulis, Dimitrios G. Nutrients Review In glucose-deprived conditions, ketone bodies are produced by the liver mitochondria, through the catabolism of fatty acids, and are used peripherally, as an alternative energy source. Ketones are produced in the body under normal conditions, including during pregnancy and the neonatal period, when following a ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or exercising. Additionally, ketone synthesis is also augmented under pathological conditions, including cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), alcoholism, and several metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, diet is the main regulator of total body ketone concentrations. The KDs are mimicking the fasting state, altering the default metabolism towards the use of ketones as the primary fuel source. Recently, KD has gained recognition as a medical nutrition therapy for a plethora of metabolic conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present review aims to discuss the role of ketones, KDs, ketonemia, and ketonuria in DM, presenting all the available new evidence in a comprehensive manner. MDPI 2023-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10609881/ /pubmed/37892458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15204383 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Veneti, Stavroula
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
Kintiraki, Evangelia
Mintziori, Gesthimani
Goulis, Dimitrios G.
Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title_full Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title_fullStr Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title_full_unstemmed Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title_short Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?
title_sort ketone bodies in diabetes mellitus: friend or foe?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10609881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15204383
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