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Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting
Naturally derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels, such as alginate, are frequently used in the design of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Traditionally, the formulation of such bioinks requires the use of pre-reticulated materials with low viscosities, which favour cell viability but can negatively influ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10609932/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102432 |
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author | Read, Sophia A. Go, Chee Shuen Ferreira, Miguel J. S. Ligorio, Cosimo Kimber, Susan J. Dumanli, Ahu G. Domingos, Marco A. N. |
author_facet | Read, Sophia A. Go, Chee Shuen Ferreira, Miguel J. S. Ligorio, Cosimo Kimber, Susan J. Dumanli, Ahu G. Domingos, Marco A. N. |
author_sort | Read, Sophia A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Naturally derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels, such as alginate, are frequently used in the design of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Traditionally, the formulation of such bioinks requires the use of pre-reticulated materials with low viscosities, which favour cell viability but can negatively influence the resolution and shape fidelity of the printed constructs. In this work, we propose the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a rheological modifier to improve the printability of alginate-based bioinks whilst ensuring a high viability of encapsulated cells. Through rheological analysis, we demonstrate that the addition of CNCs (1% and 2% (w/v)) to alginate hydrogels (1% (w/v)) improves shear-thinning behaviour and mechanical stability, resulting in the high-fidelity printing of constructs with superior resolution. Importantly, LIVE/DEAD results confirm that the presence of CNCs does not seem to affect the health of immortalised chondrocytes (TC28a2) that remain viable over a period of seven days post-encapsulation. Taken together, our results indicate a favourable effect of the CNCs on the rheological and biocompatibility properties of alginate hydrogels, opening up new perspectives for the application of CNCs in the formulation of bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10609932 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106099322023-10-28 Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Read, Sophia A. Go, Chee Shuen Ferreira, Miguel J. S. Ligorio, Cosimo Kimber, Susan J. Dumanli, Ahu G. Domingos, Marco A. N. Pharmaceutics Article Naturally derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels, such as alginate, are frequently used in the design of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Traditionally, the formulation of such bioinks requires the use of pre-reticulated materials with low viscosities, which favour cell viability but can negatively influence the resolution and shape fidelity of the printed constructs. In this work, we propose the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a rheological modifier to improve the printability of alginate-based bioinks whilst ensuring a high viability of encapsulated cells. Through rheological analysis, we demonstrate that the addition of CNCs (1% and 2% (w/v)) to alginate hydrogels (1% (w/v)) improves shear-thinning behaviour and mechanical stability, resulting in the high-fidelity printing of constructs with superior resolution. Importantly, LIVE/DEAD results confirm that the presence of CNCs does not seem to affect the health of immortalised chondrocytes (TC28a2) that remain viable over a period of seven days post-encapsulation. Taken together, our results indicate a favourable effect of the CNCs on the rheological and biocompatibility properties of alginate hydrogels, opening up new perspectives for the application of CNCs in the formulation of bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting. MDPI 2023-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10609932/ /pubmed/37896192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102432 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Read, Sophia A. Go, Chee Shuen Ferreira, Miguel J. S. Ligorio, Cosimo Kimber, Susan J. Dumanli, Ahu G. Domingos, Marco A. N. Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title | Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title_full | Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title_fullStr | Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title_short | Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting |
title_sort | nanocrystalline cellulose as a versatile engineering material for extrusion-based bioprinting |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10609932/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102432 |
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