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Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle

This study extensively characterizes the morphological characteristics, including the leaf morphology, plant structure, flower development, and trichome features throughout the entire life cycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses to photoperiodic variations were inves...

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Autores principales: Hesami, Mohsen, Pepe, Marco, Jones, Andrew Maxwell Phineas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203646
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author Hesami, Mohsen
Pepe, Marco
Jones, Andrew Maxwell Phineas
author_facet Hesami, Mohsen
Pepe, Marco
Jones, Andrew Maxwell Phineas
author_sort Hesami, Mohsen
collection PubMed
description This study extensively characterizes the morphological characteristics, including the leaf morphology, plant structure, flower development, and trichome features throughout the entire life cycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses to photoperiodic variations were investigated from germination to mature plant senescence. The leaf morphology showed a progression of complexity, beginning with serrations in the 1st true leaves, until the emergence of nine leaflets in the 6th true leaves, followed by a distinct shift to eight, then seven leaflets with the 14th and 15th true leaves, respectively. Thereafter, the leaf complexity decreased, culminating in the emergence of a single leaflet from the 25th node. The leaf area peaked with the 12th leaves, which coincided with a change from opposite to alternate phyllotaxy. The stipule development at nodes 5 and 6 signified the vegetative phase, followed by bract and solitary flower development emerging in nodes 7–12, signifying the reproductive phase. The subsequent induction of short-day photoperiod triggered the formation of apical inflorescence. Mature flowers displayed abundant glandular trichomes on perigonal bracts, with stigma color changing from whitish-yellow to reddish-brown. A pronounced increase in trichome density was evident, particularly on the abaxial bract surface, following the onset of flowering. The trichomes exhibited simultaneous growth in stalk length and glandular head diameter and pronounced shifts in color. Hermaphroditism occurred well after the general harvest date. This comprehensive study documents the intricate photoperiod-driven morphological changes throughout the complete lifecycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses characterized provide valuable insights for industrial and research applications.
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spelling pubmed-106102212023-10-28 Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle Hesami, Mohsen Pepe, Marco Jones, Andrew Maxwell Phineas Plants (Basel) Article This study extensively characterizes the morphological characteristics, including the leaf morphology, plant structure, flower development, and trichome features throughout the entire life cycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses to photoperiodic variations were investigated from germination to mature plant senescence. The leaf morphology showed a progression of complexity, beginning with serrations in the 1st true leaves, until the emergence of nine leaflets in the 6th true leaves, followed by a distinct shift to eight, then seven leaflets with the 14th and 15th true leaves, respectively. Thereafter, the leaf complexity decreased, culminating in the emergence of a single leaflet from the 25th node. The leaf area peaked with the 12th leaves, which coincided with a change from opposite to alternate phyllotaxy. The stipule development at nodes 5 and 6 signified the vegetative phase, followed by bract and solitary flower development emerging in nodes 7–12, signifying the reproductive phase. The subsequent induction of short-day photoperiod triggered the formation of apical inflorescence. Mature flowers displayed abundant glandular trichomes on perigonal bracts, with stigma color changing from whitish-yellow to reddish-brown. A pronounced increase in trichome density was evident, particularly on the abaxial bract surface, following the onset of flowering. The trichomes exhibited simultaneous growth in stalk length and glandular head diameter and pronounced shifts in color. Hermaphroditism occurred well after the general harvest date. This comprehensive study documents the intricate photoperiod-driven morphological changes throughout the complete lifecycle of Cannabis sativa L. cv. White Widow. The developmental responses characterized provide valuable insights for industrial and research applications. MDPI 2023-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10610221/ /pubmed/37896109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203646 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hesami, Mohsen
Pepe, Marco
Jones, Andrew Maxwell Phineas
Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title_full Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title_fullStr Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title_full_unstemmed Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title_short Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
title_sort morphological characterization of cannabis sativa l. throughout its complete life cycle
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203646
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