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Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings

Patras Gulf pockmark field (Western Greece) is a tectonically controlled field that has been activated at least twice by strong earthquakes (M5.4, 14 July 1993 and M6.4, 8 June 2008), and episodic gas seepages have been recorded in the past using geophysical means. A distributed temperature sensor (...

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Autores principales: Fakiris, Elias, Papatheodorou, George, Christodoulou, Dimitris, Roumelioti, Zafeiria, Sokos, Efthimios, Geraga, Maria, Giannakopoulos, Vasileios, Dimas, Xenophon, Ferentinos, George
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208520
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author Fakiris, Elias
Papatheodorou, George
Christodoulou, Dimitris
Roumelioti, Zafeiria
Sokos, Efthimios
Geraga, Maria
Giannakopoulos, Vasileios
Dimas, Xenophon
Ferentinos, George
author_facet Fakiris, Elias
Papatheodorou, George
Christodoulou, Dimitris
Roumelioti, Zafeiria
Sokos, Efthimios
Geraga, Maria
Giannakopoulos, Vasileios
Dimas, Xenophon
Ferentinos, George
author_sort Fakiris, Elias
collection PubMed
description Patras Gulf pockmark field (Western Greece) is a tectonically controlled field that has been activated at least twice by strong earthquakes (M5.4, 14 July 1993 and M6.4, 8 June 2008), and episodic gas seepages have been recorded in the past using geophysical means. A distributed temperature sensor (DTS) system was deployed inside a shallow pockmark and along an active fault at the northern end of the field. This ongoing experiment represents the first long-term monitoring ever conducted on gas-bearing pockmarks and active faults by the DTS system. For now, we have acquired and analyzed data regarding about 1.56 years. One of the primary objectives of this study is to establish methodological queues for data processing and analysis, including spectral analysis and incomplete data treatment techniques, to be standardized for use in further stages of the experiment. Spectral analysis was proven capable of separating the temperature footprint of background environmental components, such as sea-atmosphere heat flux, tides, and winds/waves, from high-frequency temperature residuals. Those residuals represent unusual events that might be correlated to seismicity. Monitoring the causal relationship between seismic activity and seabed water temperature changes in the field was thus attempted. No significant local earthquakes occurred during the monitoring period. Although the relation between seismicity and irregular seabed water temperature events was not systematic, we postulate that four thermal events have a causative link with the local seismicity. The DTS system constitutes a low-cost monitoring system, and the promising preliminary results of this experiment suggest that it is worth testing for a longer period.
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spelling pubmed-106106462023-10-28 Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings Fakiris, Elias Papatheodorou, George Christodoulou, Dimitris Roumelioti, Zafeiria Sokos, Efthimios Geraga, Maria Giannakopoulos, Vasileios Dimas, Xenophon Ferentinos, George Sensors (Basel) Article Patras Gulf pockmark field (Western Greece) is a tectonically controlled field that has been activated at least twice by strong earthquakes (M5.4, 14 July 1993 and M6.4, 8 June 2008), and episodic gas seepages have been recorded in the past using geophysical means. A distributed temperature sensor (DTS) system was deployed inside a shallow pockmark and along an active fault at the northern end of the field. This ongoing experiment represents the first long-term monitoring ever conducted on gas-bearing pockmarks and active faults by the DTS system. For now, we have acquired and analyzed data regarding about 1.56 years. One of the primary objectives of this study is to establish methodological queues for data processing and analysis, including spectral analysis and incomplete data treatment techniques, to be standardized for use in further stages of the experiment. Spectral analysis was proven capable of separating the temperature footprint of background environmental components, such as sea-atmosphere heat flux, tides, and winds/waves, from high-frequency temperature residuals. Those residuals represent unusual events that might be correlated to seismicity. Monitoring the causal relationship between seismic activity and seabed water temperature changes in the field was thus attempted. No significant local earthquakes occurred during the monitoring period. Although the relation between seismicity and irregular seabed water temperature events was not systematic, we postulate that four thermal events have a causative link with the local seismicity. The DTS system constitutes a low-cost monitoring system, and the promising preliminary results of this experiment suggest that it is worth testing for a longer period. MDPI 2023-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10610646/ /pubmed/37896613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208520 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fakiris, Elias
Papatheodorou, George
Christodoulou, Dimitris
Roumelioti, Zafeiria
Sokos, Efthimios
Geraga, Maria
Giannakopoulos, Vasileios
Dimas, Xenophon
Ferentinos, George
Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title_full Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title_fullStr Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title_full_unstemmed Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title_short Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Long-Term Monitoring of Pockmark Activity in the Gulf of Patras (Greece): Data Processing Hints and Preliminary Findings
title_sort using distributed temperature sensing for long-term monitoring of pockmark activity in the gulf of patras (greece): data processing hints and preliminary findings
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208520
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