Cargando…
The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The pre-weaning period in calves is a critical phase in cattle farming, where neonatal calf diarrhea can affect animal welfare, leading to death in the most severe cases. Improving animal health is necessary to reduce antibiotic use, thereby reducing antibiotic resistance. Functional...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610816/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100618 |
_version_ | 1785128345594232832 |
---|---|
author | Scaglia, Elena Reggi, Serena Canala, Benedetta Frazzini, Sara Dell’Anno, Matteo Hejna, Monika Rossi, Luciana |
author_facet | Scaglia, Elena Reggi, Serena Canala, Benedetta Frazzini, Sara Dell’Anno, Matteo Hejna, Monika Rossi, Luciana |
author_sort | Scaglia, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The pre-weaning period in calves is a critical phase in cattle farming, where neonatal calf diarrhea can affect animal welfare, leading to death in the most severe cases. Improving animal health is necessary to reduce antibiotic use, thereby reducing antibiotic resistance. Functional ingredients such as brown seaweeds could be integrated into the calf’s nutritional plan for preventive purposes to increase gut health and metabolism. These seaweeds have a high content of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, peptides, vitamins, and minerals. This study evaluated the effects of using a macroalgae, Ascophyllum nodosum, as a supplement in pre-weaning calf nutrition on zootechnical performance, blood metabolism, and fecal bacteria. It was found to be particularly effective in cases of moderate diarrhea. ABSTRACT: Nutrition and health during pre-weaning affect the calves’ future fertility, calving age, production, and carrier length. Calves are highly susceptible to neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which can be fatal. NCD is due to hypovolemia and acidosis, which may involve anorexia and ataxia. The One Health principle calls for a drastic reduction in antimicrobial use. One approach is to improve animal health and reduce the use of antibiotics and functional ingredients that have beneficial effects due to bioactive compounds. Several functional ingredients and additives can be considered, and, in particular for this study, Ascophyllum nodosum was considered. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of A. nodosum as a functional ingredient implemented into the milk replacer in neonatal calves. Twelve pre-weaned Holstein Frisian calves, housed in twelve individual pens in the same environmental conditions, were divided into two groups of six animals: a control group (CTRL, n = 6) fed with a milk replacer, and a treatment group receiving milk enriched with 10 g of A. nodosum in their diet (TRT, n = 6) for 42 days. The fecal score was evaluated daily (3–0 scale) to monitor the incidence of diarrhea in the two groups. The body weight was evaluated weekly, and every two weeks feces were collected for microbiological evaluation using a selective medium for plate counting of total, lactic acid, and coliform bacteria. To verify the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli, real-time qPCR was used. At the beginning and at the end of the trial, blood samples were obtained for serum metabolite analysis. The growth performance did not differ in either of the two groups, but significant differences were observed in the incidence of moderate diarrhea (p-value < 0.0113), where the TRT group showed a lower incidence of cases during the 42-day period. Serum analysis highlighted higher contents of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and total cholesterol in the TRT group compared to CTRL (p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, implementation of A. nodosum in the diet of calves can lead to better animal welfare and may reduce the use of antibiotics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10610816 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106108162023-10-28 The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status Scaglia, Elena Reggi, Serena Canala, Benedetta Frazzini, Sara Dell’Anno, Matteo Hejna, Monika Rossi, Luciana Vet Sci Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The pre-weaning period in calves is a critical phase in cattle farming, where neonatal calf diarrhea can affect animal welfare, leading to death in the most severe cases. Improving animal health is necessary to reduce antibiotic use, thereby reducing antibiotic resistance. Functional ingredients such as brown seaweeds could be integrated into the calf’s nutritional plan for preventive purposes to increase gut health and metabolism. These seaweeds have a high content of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, peptides, vitamins, and minerals. This study evaluated the effects of using a macroalgae, Ascophyllum nodosum, as a supplement in pre-weaning calf nutrition on zootechnical performance, blood metabolism, and fecal bacteria. It was found to be particularly effective in cases of moderate diarrhea. ABSTRACT: Nutrition and health during pre-weaning affect the calves’ future fertility, calving age, production, and carrier length. Calves are highly susceptible to neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which can be fatal. NCD is due to hypovolemia and acidosis, which may involve anorexia and ataxia. The One Health principle calls for a drastic reduction in antimicrobial use. One approach is to improve animal health and reduce the use of antibiotics and functional ingredients that have beneficial effects due to bioactive compounds. Several functional ingredients and additives can be considered, and, in particular for this study, Ascophyllum nodosum was considered. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of A. nodosum as a functional ingredient implemented into the milk replacer in neonatal calves. Twelve pre-weaned Holstein Frisian calves, housed in twelve individual pens in the same environmental conditions, were divided into two groups of six animals: a control group (CTRL, n = 6) fed with a milk replacer, and a treatment group receiving milk enriched with 10 g of A. nodosum in their diet (TRT, n = 6) for 42 days. The fecal score was evaluated daily (3–0 scale) to monitor the incidence of diarrhea in the two groups. The body weight was evaluated weekly, and every two weeks feces were collected for microbiological evaluation using a selective medium for plate counting of total, lactic acid, and coliform bacteria. To verify the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli, real-time qPCR was used. At the beginning and at the end of the trial, blood samples were obtained for serum metabolite analysis. The growth performance did not differ in either of the two groups, but significant differences were observed in the incidence of moderate diarrhea (p-value < 0.0113), where the TRT group showed a lower incidence of cases during the 42-day period. Serum analysis highlighted higher contents of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and total cholesterol in the TRT group compared to CTRL (p-value < 0.05). In conclusion, implementation of A. nodosum in the diet of calves can lead to better animal welfare and may reduce the use of antibiotics. MDPI 2023-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10610816/ /pubmed/37888570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100618 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Scaglia, Elena Reggi, Serena Canala, Benedetta Frazzini, Sara Dell’Anno, Matteo Hejna, Monika Rossi, Luciana The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title | The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title_full | The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title_short | The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status |
title_sort | effects of milk replacer supplemented with ascophyllum nodosum as a novel ingredient to prevent neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves and improve their health status |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610816/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100618 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT scagliaelena theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT reggiserena theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT canalabenedetta theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT frazzinisara theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT dellannomatteo theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT hejnamonika theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT rossiluciana theeffectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT scagliaelena effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT reggiserena effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT canalabenedetta effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT frazzinisara effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT dellannomatteo effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT hejnamonika effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus AT rossiluciana effectsofmilkreplacersupplementedwithascophyllumnodosumasanovelingredienttopreventneonataldiarrheaindairycalvesandimprovetheirhealthstatus |