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An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism

The human visual attention system plays an important role in infrared target recognition because it can quickly and accurately recognize infrared small targets and has good scene adaptability. This paper proposes an infrared small target detection method based on an attention mechanism, which consis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Xiaotian, Lu, Ruitao, Bi, Haixia, Li, Yuhai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208608
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author Wang, Xiaotian
Lu, Ruitao
Bi, Haixia
Li, Yuhai
author_facet Wang, Xiaotian
Lu, Ruitao
Bi, Haixia
Li, Yuhai
author_sort Wang, Xiaotian
collection PubMed
description The human visual attention system plays an important role in infrared target recognition because it can quickly and accurately recognize infrared small targets and has good scene adaptability. This paper proposes an infrared small target detection method based on an attention mechanism, which consists of three modules: a bottom-up passive attention module, a top-down active attention module, and decision feedback equalization. In the top-down active attention module, given the Gaussian characteristics of infrared small targets, the idea of combining knowledge-experience Gaussian shape features is applied to implement feature extraction, and quaternion cosine transform is performed to achieve multi-dimensional fusion of Gaussian shape features, thereby achieving complementary fusion of multi-dimensional feature information. In the bottom-up passive attention module, considering that the difference in contrast and motion between the target and the background can attract attention easily, an optimal fast local contrast algorithm and improved circular pipeline filtering are adopted to find candidate target regions. Meanwhile, the multi-scale Laplacian of the Gaussian filter is adopted to estimate the optimal size of the infrared small target. The fast local contrast algorithm based on box filter acceleration and structure optimization is employed to extract local contrast features, and candidate target regions can be obtained by using an adaptive threshold. Besides, the mean gray, target size, Gaussian consistency, and circular region constraint are used in pipeline filtering to extract motion regions, and the false-alarm rate is reduced effectively. Finally, decision feedback equalization is adopted to obtain real targets. Experiments are conducted on some real infrared images involving complex backgrounds with sea, sky, and ground clutters, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve better detection performance than conventional baseline methods, such as RLCM, ILCM, PQFT, MPCM, and ADMD. Also, mathematical proofs are provided to validate the proposed method.
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spelling pubmed-106108622023-10-28 An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism Wang, Xiaotian Lu, Ruitao Bi, Haixia Li, Yuhai Sensors (Basel) Article The human visual attention system plays an important role in infrared target recognition because it can quickly and accurately recognize infrared small targets and has good scene adaptability. This paper proposes an infrared small target detection method based on an attention mechanism, which consists of three modules: a bottom-up passive attention module, a top-down active attention module, and decision feedback equalization. In the top-down active attention module, given the Gaussian characteristics of infrared small targets, the idea of combining knowledge-experience Gaussian shape features is applied to implement feature extraction, and quaternion cosine transform is performed to achieve multi-dimensional fusion of Gaussian shape features, thereby achieving complementary fusion of multi-dimensional feature information. In the bottom-up passive attention module, considering that the difference in contrast and motion between the target and the background can attract attention easily, an optimal fast local contrast algorithm and improved circular pipeline filtering are adopted to find candidate target regions. Meanwhile, the multi-scale Laplacian of the Gaussian filter is adopted to estimate the optimal size of the infrared small target. The fast local contrast algorithm based on box filter acceleration and structure optimization is employed to extract local contrast features, and candidate target regions can be obtained by using an adaptive threshold. Besides, the mean gray, target size, Gaussian consistency, and circular region constraint are used in pipeline filtering to extract motion regions, and the false-alarm rate is reduced effectively. Finally, decision feedback equalization is adopted to obtain real targets. Experiments are conducted on some real infrared images involving complex backgrounds with sea, sky, and ground clutters, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve better detection performance than conventional baseline methods, such as RLCM, ILCM, PQFT, MPCM, and ADMD. Also, mathematical proofs are provided to validate the proposed method. MDPI 2023-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10610862/ /pubmed/37896701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208608 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Xiaotian
Lu, Ruitao
Bi, Haixia
Li, Yuhai
An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title_full An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title_fullStr An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title_short An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism
title_sort infrared small target detection method based on attention mechanism
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10610862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208608
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