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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has been increasingly reported around the world. A variety of domestic and wild animal species can serve as natural or accidental hosts for the pathogenic Leptospira spp. Among these, swine can function as either maintenance or accidental host...

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Autores principales: dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes, Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira, Pires, Gabriele Polia, Panneitz, Ana Karolina, Braga, Eduarda Ribeiro, Malcher, Clarisse Sena, Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel, de Castro, João Humberto Teotônio, Mathias, Luís Antônio, de Oliveira, Luís Guilherme
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10611261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8100468
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author dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes
Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira
Pires, Gabriele Polia
Panneitz, Ana Karolina
Braga, Eduarda Ribeiro
Malcher, Clarisse Sena
Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel
de Castro, João Humberto Teotônio
Mathias, Luís Antônio
de Oliveira, Luís Guilherme
author_facet dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes
Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira
Pires, Gabriele Polia
Panneitz, Ana Karolina
Braga, Eduarda Ribeiro
Malcher, Clarisse Sena
Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel
de Castro, João Humberto Teotônio
Mathias, Luís Antônio
de Oliveira, Luís Guilherme
author_sort dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has been increasingly reported around the world. A variety of domestic and wild animal species can serve as natural or accidental hosts for the pathogenic Leptospira spp. Among these, swine can function as either maintenance or accidental hosts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Serological analysis was performed on 1393 serum samples collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties in different regions of the state. The samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp serovar. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 68.78% for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with the most commonly detected serogroups being Icterohaemorrhagie (19.58%), Pyrogenes (7.94%), and Pomona (7.94%). The lack of rodent control has been identified as a risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in the backyard pig population. This study highlights the high prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection in backyard pigs’ sites in Paraná and emphasizes the importance of implementing measures to control and prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease. ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, p = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil.
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spelling pubmed-106112612023-10-28 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira Pires, Gabriele Polia Panneitz, Ana Karolina Braga, Eduarda Ribeiro Malcher, Clarisse Sena Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel de Castro, João Humberto Teotônio Mathias, Luís Antônio de Oliveira, Luís Guilherme Trop Med Infect Dis Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that has been increasingly reported around the world. A variety of domestic and wild animal species can serve as natural or accidental hosts for the pathogenic Leptospira spp. Among these, swine can function as either maintenance or accidental hosts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Serological analysis was performed on 1393 serum samples collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties in different regions of the state. The samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp serovar. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 68.78% for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with the most commonly detected serogroups being Icterohaemorrhagie (19.58%), Pyrogenes (7.94%), and Pomona (7.94%). The lack of rodent control has been identified as a risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in the backyard pig population. This study highlights the high prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection in backyard pigs’ sites in Paraná and emphasizes the importance of implementing measures to control and prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease. ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, p = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil. MDPI 2023-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10611261/ /pubmed/37888596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8100468 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
dos Santos, Giovanna Fernandes
Petri, Fernando Antônio Moreira
Pires, Gabriele Polia
Panneitz, Ana Karolina
Braga, Eduarda Ribeiro
Malcher, Clarisse Sena
Mongruel, Anna Claudia Baumel
de Castro, João Humberto Teotônio
Mathias, Luís Antônio
de Oliveira, Luís Guilherme
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title_full Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title_fullStr Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title_short Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil
title_sort prevalence and risk factors of leptospira spp. infection in backyard pigs in the state of paraná, brazil
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10611261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37888596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8100468
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