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Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean

Cold-active bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and replicate at low temperatures (≤4 °C). Understanding remains limited of how cold-active phage–host systems sustain high viral abundance despite the persistently low temperatures in pelagic sediments in polar seas. In this study, two Ps...

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Autores principales: Hwang, Chung Yeon, Cho, Byung Cheol, Kang, Jin Kyeong, Park, Jihye, Hardies, Stephen C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10612066/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896838
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102061
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author Hwang, Chung Yeon
Cho, Byung Cheol
Kang, Jin Kyeong
Park, Jihye
Hardies, Stephen C.
author_facet Hwang, Chung Yeon
Cho, Byung Cheol
Kang, Jin Kyeong
Park, Jihye
Hardies, Stephen C.
author_sort Hwang, Chung Yeon
collection PubMed
description Cold-active bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and replicate at low temperatures (≤4 °C). Understanding remains limited of how cold-active phage–host systems sustain high viral abundance despite the persistently low temperatures in pelagic sediments in polar seas. In this study, two Pseudoalteromonas phages, ACA1 and ACA2, were isolated from sediment core samples of the continental shelf in the western Arctic Ocean. These phages exhibited successful propagation at a low temperature of 1 °C and displayed typical myovirus morphology with isometric icosahedral heads and contractile tails. The complete genome sequences of phages ACA1 and ACA2 were 36,825 bp and 36,826 bp in size, respectively, sharing almost the same gene content. These are temperate phages encoding lysogeny-related proteins such as anti-repressor, immunity repressor and integrase. The absence of cross-infection between the host strains, which were genomically distinct Pseudoalteromonas species, can likely be attributed to heavy divergence in the anti-receptor apparently mediated by an associated diversity-generating retroelement. HHpred searching identified genes for all of the structural components of a P2-like phage (family Peduoviridae), although the whole of the Peduoviridae family appeared to be divided between two anciently diverged tail modules. In contrast, Blast matching and whole genome tree analysis are dominated by a nonstructural gene module sharing high similarity with Pseudoalteromonas phage C5a (founder of genus Catalunyavirus). This study expands the knowledge of diversity of P2-like phages known to inhabit Peudoalteromonas and demonstrates their presence in the Arctic niche.
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spelling pubmed-106120662023-10-29 Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean Hwang, Chung Yeon Cho, Byung Cheol Kang, Jin Kyeong Park, Jihye Hardies, Stephen C. Viruses Article Cold-active bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and replicate at low temperatures (≤4 °C). Understanding remains limited of how cold-active phage–host systems sustain high viral abundance despite the persistently low temperatures in pelagic sediments in polar seas. In this study, two Pseudoalteromonas phages, ACA1 and ACA2, were isolated from sediment core samples of the continental shelf in the western Arctic Ocean. These phages exhibited successful propagation at a low temperature of 1 °C and displayed typical myovirus morphology with isometric icosahedral heads and contractile tails. The complete genome sequences of phages ACA1 and ACA2 were 36,825 bp and 36,826 bp in size, respectively, sharing almost the same gene content. These are temperate phages encoding lysogeny-related proteins such as anti-repressor, immunity repressor and integrase. The absence of cross-infection between the host strains, which were genomically distinct Pseudoalteromonas species, can likely be attributed to heavy divergence in the anti-receptor apparently mediated by an associated diversity-generating retroelement. HHpred searching identified genes for all of the structural components of a P2-like phage (family Peduoviridae), although the whole of the Peduoviridae family appeared to be divided between two anciently diverged tail modules. In contrast, Blast matching and whole genome tree analysis are dominated by a nonstructural gene module sharing high similarity with Pseudoalteromonas phage C5a (founder of genus Catalunyavirus). This study expands the knowledge of diversity of P2-like phages known to inhabit Peudoalteromonas and demonstrates their presence in the Arctic niche. MDPI 2023-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10612066/ /pubmed/37896838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102061 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hwang, Chung Yeon
Cho, Byung Cheol
Kang, Jin Kyeong
Park, Jihye
Hardies, Stephen C.
Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title_full Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title_fullStr Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title_short Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
title_sort genomic analysis of two cold-active pseudoalteromonas phages isolated from the continental shelf in the arctic ocean
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10612066/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37896838
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15102061
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