Genetic polymorphisms of GGT1 gene (rs8135987, rs5751901 and rs2017869) are associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and toxicities in breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Our previous study illustrated the predictive value of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) sensitivity in breast cancer patients. In this study we aim to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene are related to the NAC response and adverse events and to find out a genetic marker in predicting NAC sensitivity. METHODS: Three SNP loci (rs8135987, rs5751901, rs2017869) of GGT1 gene were selected and tested among breast cancer patients reciving NAC. Four genotype models were used in SNP analysis: co-dominant model compared AA vs. Aa vs. aa; dominant model compared AA vs. Aa + aa; recessive model compared AA + Aa vs. aa; over-dominant model compared AA + aa vs. Aa. Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed between SNP genotypes, haplotypes and pathological complete response(pCR), adverse events as well as serum GGT level. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients were included in the study. For SNP rs8135987 (T > C), the TC genotype in over-dominant model was inversely related with pCR (adjusted OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.88, p = 0.029) as well as the risk of peripheral neuropathy (adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15–0.96, p = 0.042). The TC genotype in dominant model was significantly associated with elevated serum GGT level (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.07–9.02, p = 0.036). For rs2017869 (G > C), the occurrence of grade 2 or greater neutropenia (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.08–0.84, p = 0.025) and leukopenia (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.78, p = 0.017) were both significantly reduced in patients with CC genotypes. For rs5751901(T > C), the CC genotype could significantly reduce the risk of grade 2 or greater neutropenia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.96, p = 0.036) and leukopenia (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.84, p = 0.024) in recessive model. CONCLUSIONS: The GGT1 gene SNPs might be an independent risk factor for poor response of NAC in breast cancer patients, providng theoretical basis for further precision therapy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-023-01685-7.