How readable and quality are online patient education materials about Helicobacter pylori?: Assessment of the readability, quality and reliability

This study aimed to examine the readability, reliability, quality, and content of patient education materials (PEM) on the Internet about “Helicobacter pylori (H pylori).” A search was conducted on March 14, 2023, using the keyword “H pylori” in the Google search engine. The readability of PEMs was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score, FKGL, simple measure of gobbledygook, and gunning fog readability formulas. The reliability and quality of the websites were determined using the Journal of American Medical Association score, health on the net foundation code of conduct, global quality score, and DISCERN score. A total of 93 patient education websites were included in the study. In the readability analysis of PEMs, we determined that the Flesch reading ease score was 49,73 (47,46–52,00) (difficult), the mean Flesch–Kincaid grade level and simple measure of gobbledygook were 9,69 (9,26–10,12) and 9,28 (8,96–9,61) years, respectively, and the mean gunning fog score was 12,47 (12,03–12,91) (very difficult). Most of the evaluated patient educational materials were commercial websites (n = 50, 53.8%). It was found that 16.1% of the websites were of high quality according to global quality score, 30.1% were HON code certified, and 23.7% of the websites were highly reliable according to Journal of American Medical Association scores. There was no statistically significant difference between website typologies and readability (P > .05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between website typologies and quality and reliability scores (P < .005). Compared to the sixth grade level recommended by the American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health, the readability of H pylori-related internet-based PEMs is quite high. On the other hand, the reliability and quality of the PEMs were determined as moderate to poor. PEMs for issues threatening public health should be prepared with attention to recommendations on readability.