Impact of employment on the elderly in a super-aging society during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

Employment of the elderly is gaining importance in Japan’s super-aging society. However, investigating the role of employment on the health of the elderly population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wherein they were susceptible, is necessary. We aimed to investigate whether the presence or absence of employment affected motor and cognitive functions in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 144 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the medical examination project from August to September 2021. The participants were divided into employed and non-employed groups. The motor function was evaluated by determining the walking speed, skeletal muscle mass, 2-step test, and bone density. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test-A/B (TMT-A/B). For statistical examination, univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed using significantly differential variables. Out of the 144 participants, 33 (22.9%) and 111 (77.1%) were in the employed and non-employed groups, respectively. TMT-A had an odds ratio of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94–0.99) and was an independent factor in the employed group. In conclusion, the attention function was significantly higher in the employed group.