A comprehensive study on the performance and emission analysis in diesel engine via optimization of novel ternary fuel blends: Diesel, manganese, and diethyl ether

Ecosystem degradation and fossil fuel depletion are the two foremost concerns to look for alternative fuels. Rapid population growth is primarily accountable for higher consumption of fossil fuel sources, although engine technology is achieving milestones in terms of fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions in order to contribute towards a sustainable environment. The main root cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions; therefore, it is imperative to assess the impact of alternative fuels in diesel engines with an aim to minimize carbon emissions. A current study deals with the reduction of carbon emissions and improvement of efficiency through addition of manganese nano-additive to di-ethyl ether and diesel fuel blend in particulate form. Fuel blends were formed by adding various proportions of manganese to high-speed diesel fuel and stirring the mixture while heating it for 10 min. The blends were then tested in diesel engines at two distinct loads and five engine speed ranges. Emission analyzer was used to ascertain the CO(2) output of engine. At higher loads for 10 % diethyl ether in diesel, the increase in brake thermal efficiency was 24.19, 28.17 and 26.86 % when the manganese amount in blend was changed as 250 mg, 375 mg and 500 mg respectively. On the other side CO(2) emissions increase by 11.57, 30.52 and 20.33 % for manganese concentrations of 250 mg, 375 mg and 500 mg respectively. Analysis performed with Design Expert 13 showed that the desirability was 0.796 for a blend of 375 mg manganese at 1300 rpm and 4500 W load with 33.0611 % BTE, 334.011kg/kWh BSFC, 67.8821Nm torque, and 6.072 % CO(2). Therefore, it can be deduced that manganese nanoparticle blends improved engine performance but CO(2) emissions also increase which can be responsible for global warming and it should be reduced through catalytic converters.