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How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves

PREMISE: Because of the trade‐off between water loss and carbon dioxide assimilation, the conductivity of the transpiration path in a leaf is an important limit on photosynthesis. Closely packed veins correspond to short paths and high assimilation rates while widely spaced veins are associated with...

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Autores principales: Green, Walton A., Losada, Juan M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37915435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11551
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author Green, Walton A.
Losada, Juan M.
author_facet Green, Walton A.
Losada, Juan M.
author_sort Green, Walton A.
collection PubMed
description PREMISE: Because of the trade‐off between water loss and carbon dioxide assimilation, the conductivity of the transpiration path in a leaf is an important limit on photosynthesis. Closely packed veins correspond to short paths and high assimilation rates while widely spaced veins are associated with higher resistance to flow and lower maximum photosynthetic rates. Vein length per area (VLA) has become the standard metric for comparing leaves with different vein densities; its measurement typically utilizes digital image processing with varying amounts of human input. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we propose three new ways of measuring vein density using image analysis that improve on currently available procedures: (1) areole area distributions, (2) a sizing transform, and (3) a distance map. Each alternative has distinct practical, statistical, and biological limitations and advantages. In particular, we advocate the log‐transformed modal distance map of a vein mask as an estimator to replace VLA as a standard metric for vein density. CONCLUSIONS: These methods, for which open‐source code appropriate for high‐throughput automation is provided, improve on VLA by producing determinate measures of vein density as distributions rather than point estimates. Combined with advances in image quality and computational efficiency, these methods should help clarify the physiological and evolutionary significance of vein density.
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spelling pubmed-106173162023-11-01 How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves Green, Walton A. Losada, Juan M. Appl Plant Sci Software Note PREMISE: Because of the trade‐off between water loss and carbon dioxide assimilation, the conductivity of the transpiration path in a leaf is an important limit on photosynthesis. Closely packed veins correspond to short paths and high assimilation rates while widely spaced veins are associated with higher resistance to flow and lower maximum photosynthetic rates. Vein length per area (VLA) has become the standard metric for comparing leaves with different vein densities; its measurement typically utilizes digital image processing with varying amounts of human input. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we propose three new ways of measuring vein density using image analysis that improve on currently available procedures: (1) areole area distributions, (2) a sizing transform, and (3) a distance map. Each alternative has distinct practical, statistical, and biological limitations and advantages. In particular, we advocate the log‐transformed modal distance map of a vein mask as an estimator to replace VLA as a standard metric for vein density. CONCLUSIONS: These methods, for which open‐source code appropriate for high‐throughput automation is provided, improve on VLA by producing determinate measures of vein density as distributions rather than point estimates. Combined with advances in image quality and computational efficiency, these methods should help clarify the physiological and evolutionary significance of vein density. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10617316/ /pubmed/37915435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11551 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Applications in Plant Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Software Note
Green, Walton A.
Losada, Juan M.
How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title_full How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title_fullStr How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title_full_unstemmed How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title_short How dense can you be? New automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
title_sort how dense can you be? new automatic measures of vein density in angiosperm leaves
topic Software Note
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37915435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11551
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