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The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch
Changes in temperature alter muscle kinetics and in turn affect whole-organism performance. Some organisms use the elastic recoil of biological springs, structures which are far less temperature sensitive, to power thermally robust movements. For jumping frogs, the use of elastic energy in tendons i...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Company of Biologists Ltd
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617612/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37727106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245805 |
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author | Mendoza, Elizabeth Martinez, Maya Olberding, Jeffrey P. Azizi, Emanuel |
author_facet | Mendoza, Elizabeth Martinez, Maya Olberding, Jeffrey P. Azizi, Emanuel |
author_sort | Mendoza, Elizabeth |
collection | PubMed |
description | Changes in temperature alter muscle kinetics and in turn affect whole-organism performance. Some organisms use the elastic recoil of biological springs, structures which are far less temperature sensitive, to power thermally robust movements. For jumping frogs, the use of elastic energy in tendons is facilitated through a geometric latching mechanism that operates through dynamic changes in the mechanical advantage (MA) of the hindlimb. Despite the well-documented use of elastic energy storage, frog jumping is a locomotor behavior that is significantly affected by changes in temperature. Here, we used an in vitro muscle preparation interacting in real time with an in silico model of a legged jumper to understand how changes in temperature affect the flow of energy in a system using a MA latch. We used the plantaris longus muscle–tendon unit (MTU) to power a virtual limb with changing MA and a mass being accelerated through a real-time feedback controller. We quantified the amount of energy stored in and recovered from elastic structures and the additional contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching. We found that temperature altered the duration of the energy loading and recovery phase of the in vitro/in silico experiments. We found that the early phase of loading was insensitive to changes in temperature. However, an increase in temperature did increase the rate of force development, which in turn allowed for increased energy storage in the second phase of loading. We also found that the contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching was substantial and increased significantly with temperature. Our results show that the thermal robustness achieved by an elastic mechanism depends strongly on the nature of the latch that mediates energy flow, and that the relative contribution of elastic and direct muscle energy likely shapes the thermal sensitivity of locomotor systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10617612 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Company of Biologists Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106176122023-11-01 The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch Mendoza, Elizabeth Martinez, Maya Olberding, Jeffrey P. Azizi, Emanuel J Exp Biol Research Article Changes in temperature alter muscle kinetics and in turn affect whole-organism performance. Some organisms use the elastic recoil of biological springs, structures which are far less temperature sensitive, to power thermally robust movements. For jumping frogs, the use of elastic energy in tendons is facilitated through a geometric latching mechanism that operates through dynamic changes in the mechanical advantage (MA) of the hindlimb. Despite the well-documented use of elastic energy storage, frog jumping is a locomotor behavior that is significantly affected by changes in temperature. Here, we used an in vitro muscle preparation interacting in real time with an in silico model of a legged jumper to understand how changes in temperature affect the flow of energy in a system using a MA latch. We used the plantaris longus muscle–tendon unit (MTU) to power a virtual limb with changing MA and a mass being accelerated through a real-time feedback controller. We quantified the amount of energy stored in and recovered from elastic structures and the additional contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching. We found that temperature altered the duration of the energy loading and recovery phase of the in vitro/in silico experiments. We found that the early phase of loading was insensitive to changes in temperature. However, an increase in temperature did increase the rate of force development, which in turn allowed for increased energy storage in the second phase of loading. We also found that the contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching was substantial and increased significantly with temperature. Our results show that the thermal robustness achieved by an elastic mechanism depends strongly on the nature of the latch that mediates energy flow, and that the relative contribution of elastic and direct muscle energy likely shapes the thermal sensitivity of locomotor systems. The Company of Biologists Ltd 2023-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10617612/ /pubmed/37727106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245805 Text en © 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mendoza, Elizabeth Martinez, Maya Olberding, Jeffrey P. Azizi, Emanuel The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title | The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title_full | The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title_fullStr | The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title_full_unstemmed | The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title_short | The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
title_sort | effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617612/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37727106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245805 |
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