Neutropenic enterocolitis in aplastic anemia – a case report from Nepal

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a life-threatening necrotizing enterocolitis, particularly in neutropenic patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We are presenting a case of a 22-year-old male who presented chief complaints of abdominal pain, reddish black stool, abdominal distention, and low-grade fever with laboratory and bone marrow findings suggestive of aplastic anemia. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast was used to establish the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Nonsurgical management including broad-spectrum antimicrobials, bowel rest, nasogastric suction, fluid and nutritional support, and blood product support, helped this patient to recover. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: NE is a life-threatening inflammatory condition of the small and large intestines. Typical symptoms of NE include diffuse abdominal pain, fever, and watery or bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis of NE is done by clinical and imaging findings. Management of the primary disease is important to improve the ultimate survival of the disease. CONCLUSION: Early identification and management of neutropenic enterocolitis help to reduce mortality.