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Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022

INTRODUCTION: Pathogen spectrum of Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has substantially changed in the past decade in China. Growing evidence has indicated that anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can support control of various infectious diseases, including intestinal diseases. ME...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Xianfeng, Qian, Ke, Zhu, Chunlong, Yi, Liu, Tu, Junling, Yang, Shu, Zhang, Yanxia, Zhang, Yanglin, Xia, Wen, Ni, Xiansheng, Xu, Tielong, He, Fenglan, Li, Hui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251683
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author Zhou, Xianfeng
Qian, Ke
Zhu, Chunlong
Yi, Liu
Tu, Junling
Yang, Shu
Zhang, Yanxia
Zhang, Yanglin
Xia, Wen
Ni, Xiansheng
Xu, Tielong
He, Fenglan
Li, Hui
author_facet Zhou, Xianfeng
Qian, Ke
Zhu, Chunlong
Yi, Liu
Tu, Junling
Yang, Shu
Zhang, Yanxia
Zhang, Yanglin
Xia, Wen
Ni, Xiansheng
Xu, Tielong
He, Fenglan
Li, Hui
author_sort Zhou, Xianfeng
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Pathogen spectrum of Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has substantially changed in the past decade in China. Growing evidence has indicated that anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can support control of various infectious diseases, including intestinal diseases. METHODS: In this study, HFMD cases were enrolled from sentinel hospitals of Nanchang, Jiangxi province, and enteroviruses were genotyped using specific real time RT-PCR. We systematically characterized the epidemiology of HFMD based on the continuous molecular surveillance and estimated the impact of COVID-19 intervention on HFMD incidence using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. RESULTS: A total of 10247 HFMD cases were included during 2010-2022, of which 6121 enterovirus (EV)-positive cases (59.7%) were identified by real-time RT-PCR. Over 80% cases were associated with EV-A71 and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) during 2010-2012, while the type distribution significantly changed as CVA6 emerged to be dominant, accounting for 22.6%-59.6% during 2013-2022. It was observed that the prevalence patterns of EV-A71 and CVA16 were similar and both of them peaked in the second quarter and then leveled off. However, CVA6 was generally prevalent around the fourth quarter, demonstrating a staggered prevalence during 2010-2019. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the seasonal HFMD epidemic peak was restrained, and the ARIMA analysis indicated that the COVID-19 intervention had mitigated EV transmission during the first COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020. In addition, bivariate Spearman’s cross-correlation coefficients were estimated for the major types CVA6, CVA16 and EV-A71. Our analyses indicated the possible existence of correlations among CVA6, CVA16 and EV-A71 prevalence in the epidemiological level. DISCUSSION: Taken together, the type distribution of HFMD has substantially changed over the last decade and CVA6 and CVA16 are currently the most predominant types co-circulating in Nanchang. The anti-COVID-19 NPIs significantly reduced the incidence of EV infections.
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spelling pubmed-106183622023-11-02 Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022 Zhou, Xianfeng Qian, Ke Zhu, Chunlong Yi, Liu Tu, Junling Yang, Shu Zhang, Yanxia Zhang, Yanglin Xia, Wen Ni, Xiansheng Xu, Tielong He, Fenglan Li, Hui Front Microbiol Microbiology INTRODUCTION: Pathogen spectrum of Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has substantially changed in the past decade in China. Growing evidence has indicated that anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can support control of various infectious diseases, including intestinal diseases. METHODS: In this study, HFMD cases were enrolled from sentinel hospitals of Nanchang, Jiangxi province, and enteroviruses were genotyped using specific real time RT-PCR. We systematically characterized the epidemiology of HFMD based on the continuous molecular surveillance and estimated the impact of COVID-19 intervention on HFMD incidence using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. RESULTS: A total of 10247 HFMD cases were included during 2010-2022, of which 6121 enterovirus (EV)-positive cases (59.7%) were identified by real-time RT-PCR. Over 80% cases were associated with EV-A71 and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) during 2010-2012, while the type distribution significantly changed as CVA6 emerged to be dominant, accounting for 22.6%-59.6% during 2013-2022. It was observed that the prevalence patterns of EV-A71 and CVA16 were similar and both of them peaked in the second quarter and then leveled off. However, CVA6 was generally prevalent around the fourth quarter, demonstrating a staggered prevalence during 2010-2019. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the seasonal HFMD epidemic peak was restrained, and the ARIMA analysis indicated that the COVID-19 intervention had mitigated EV transmission during the first COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020. In addition, bivariate Spearman’s cross-correlation coefficients were estimated for the major types CVA6, CVA16 and EV-A71. Our analyses indicated the possible existence of correlations among CVA6, CVA16 and EV-A71 prevalence in the epidemiological level. DISCUSSION: Taken together, the type distribution of HFMD has substantially changed over the last decade and CVA6 and CVA16 are currently the most predominant types co-circulating in Nanchang. The anti-COVID-19 NPIs significantly reduced the incidence of EV infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10618362/ /pubmed/37920267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251683 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Qian, Zhu, Yi, Tu, Yang, Zhang, Zhang, Xia, Ni, Xu, He and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhou, Xianfeng
Qian, Ke
Zhu, Chunlong
Yi, Liu
Tu, Junling
Yang, Shu
Zhang, Yanxia
Zhang, Yanglin
Xia, Wen
Ni, Xiansheng
Xu, Tielong
He, Fenglan
Li, Hui
Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title_full Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title_fullStr Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title_full_unstemmed Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title_short Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010–2022
title_sort surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in nanchang, china, 2010–2022
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618362/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251683
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