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Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review

While sports medicine has traditionally focused on recovering from injury and returning athletes to sport safely after injury, there is a growing interest in the long-term health of athletes. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) summarise the literature (methodologies and findings) on physi...

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Autores principales: Street, Jena Heck, Boos, Zebadiah P, Fial, Alissa, Lennon, Shannon L, Smith, Carolyn S, Creasy, Seth A, Hunter, Sandra K, Farquhar, William B, Capin, Jacob John
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001605
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author Street, Jena Heck
Boos, Zebadiah P
Fial, Alissa
Lennon, Shannon L
Smith, Carolyn S
Creasy, Seth A
Hunter, Sandra K
Farquhar, William B
Capin, Jacob John
author_facet Street, Jena Heck
Boos, Zebadiah P
Fial, Alissa
Lennon, Shannon L
Smith, Carolyn S
Creasy, Seth A
Hunter, Sandra K
Farquhar, William B
Capin, Jacob John
author_sort Street, Jena Heck
collection PubMed
description While sports medicine has traditionally focused on recovering from injury and returning athletes to sport safely after injury, there is a growing interest in the long-term health of athletes. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) summarise the literature (methodologies and findings) on physical function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife (age 40–65 years) former competitive athletes compared with non-athlete controls, (2) identify areas for future study in long-term health in athletes and (3) determine outcomes that could be evaluated in a future systematic review(s). We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus for studies published between 2000 and 2022 evaluating former athletes and controls on physical function, body composition and/or cardiometabolic measures using MeSH terms. We identified 20 articles that met our criteria. Outcomes varied considerably across studies, most of which were cross-sectional and evaluated only males. Limited data suggest that former endurance athletes have leaner body compositions, higher aerobic capacity and better cardiometabolic indicators than controls; former athletes who maintain higher physical activity (ie, self-reported exercise) are healthier than those who do not; and former team sport athletes, who have higher injury prevalence, may have poorer functional performance than controls who were recreationally active in college. Studies rarely evaluated functional performance, did not control for prior injury or diet and seldom assessed current physical activity levels. Future research should include females and evaluate sex differences, control for prior sports-related injury(ies), quantify physical activity, use standardised outcome measures including performance-based functional assessments and incorporate longitudinal designs.
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spelling pubmed-106190252023-11-02 Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review Street, Jena Heck Boos, Zebadiah P Fial, Alissa Lennon, Shannon L Smith, Carolyn S Creasy, Seth A Hunter, Sandra K Farquhar, William B Capin, Jacob John BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Review While sports medicine has traditionally focused on recovering from injury and returning athletes to sport safely after injury, there is a growing interest in the long-term health of athletes. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) summarise the literature (methodologies and findings) on physical function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife (age 40–65 years) former competitive athletes compared with non-athlete controls, (2) identify areas for future study in long-term health in athletes and (3) determine outcomes that could be evaluated in a future systematic review(s). We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus for studies published between 2000 and 2022 evaluating former athletes and controls on physical function, body composition and/or cardiometabolic measures using MeSH terms. We identified 20 articles that met our criteria. Outcomes varied considerably across studies, most of which were cross-sectional and evaluated only males. Limited data suggest that former endurance athletes have leaner body compositions, higher aerobic capacity and better cardiometabolic indicators than controls; former athletes who maintain higher physical activity (ie, self-reported exercise) are healthier than those who do not; and former team sport athletes, who have higher injury prevalence, may have poorer functional performance than controls who were recreationally active in college. Studies rarely evaluated functional performance, did not control for prior injury or diet and seldom assessed current physical activity levels. Future research should include females and evaluate sex differences, control for prior sports-related injury(ies), quantify physical activity, use standardised outcome measures including performance-based functional assessments and incorporate longitudinal designs. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10619025/ /pubmed/37920279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001605 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Street, Jena Heck
Boos, Zebadiah P
Fial, Alissa
Lennon, Shannon L
Smith, Carolyn S
Creasy, Seth A
Hunter, Sandra K
Farquhar, William B
Capin, Jacob John
Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title_full Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title_fullStr Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title_short Long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
title_sort long-term function, body composition and cardiometabolic health in midlife former athletes: a scoping review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001605
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