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A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice
BACKGROUND: A proprietary combination of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts (LI80020F4, CinDura(®)) improved the physical performance and muscle strength of resistance-trained adult males. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the underlying mechanisms of the ergogenic poten...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Open Academia
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920678 http://dx.doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9750 |
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author | Sinha, Swaraj Alluri, Krishnaraju Venkata Somepalli, Venkateswarlu Golakoti, Trimurtulu Sengupta, Krishanu |
author_facet | Sinha, Swaraj Alluri, Krishnaraju Venkata Somepalli, Venkateswarlu Golakoti, Trimurtulu Sengupta, Krishanu |
author_sort | Sinha, Swaraj |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A proprietary combination of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts (LI80020F4, CinDura(®)) improved the physical performance and muscle strength of resistance-trained adult males. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the underlying mechanisms of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4 in in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS: The individual extracts and their combination (LI80020F4) were assessed for nitrite production in EAhy926 human endothelial cells. Subsequent experiments evaluated the effect of LI80020F4 in myotube formation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts, expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins, myogenic factors, and mitochondrial functions in L6 rat myoblasts. Moreover, adult male ICR mice were randomly assigned (n = 15) into vehicle control (G1), exercise alone (G2), oxymetholone-16 mg/kg body weight (bw) (G3), and 75 (G4)-, 150 (G5)-, or 300 (G6) mg/kg bw of LI80020F4, orally gavaged for 28 days. G1 and G2 mice received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Following completion, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed on forelimb grip strength and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA) muscle weights, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), levels of muscle, and serum protein markers were also determined. RESULTS: LI80020F4 increased nitrite production in EAhy926 cells in a dose-dependent manner. LI80020F4 induced C2C12 myotube formation, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulated the expressions of activated mTOR and other mitochondria and myogenic proteins, and mitigated H(2)O(2)-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in the myoblast cells. In the animal study, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bw LI80020F4 doses significantly (P < 0.05) increased the animals’ forelimb grip strength. Mid- and high-dose groups showed increased swimming time, increased muscle weight, CSA, muscle growth-related, and mitochondrial protein expressions in the GA muscles. CONCLUSION: LI80020F4 increases nitric oxide production in the endothelial cells, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, upregulates skeletal muscle growth-related protein expressions and reduces oxidative stress; together, it explains the basis of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10619412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Open Academia |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106194122023-11-02 A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice Sinha, Swaraj Alluri, Krishnaraju Venkata Somepalli, Venkateswarlu Golakoti, Trimurtulu Sengupta, Krishanu Food Nutr Res Original Article BACKGROUND: A proprietary combination of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts (LI80020F4, CinDura(®)) improved the physical performance and muscle strength of resistance-trained adult males. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the underlying mechanisms of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4 in in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS: The individual extracts and their combination (LI80020F4) were assessed for nitrite production in EAhy926 human endothelial cells. Subsequent experiments evaluated the effect of LI80020F4 in myotube formation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts, expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins, myogenic factors, and mitochondrial functions in L6 rat myoblasts. Moreover, adult male ICR mice were randomly assigned (n = 15) into vehicle control (G1), exercise alone (G2), oxymetholone-16 mg/kg body weight (bw) (G3), and 75 (G4)-, 150 (G5)-, or 300 (G6) mg/kg bw of LI80020F4, orally gavaged for 28 days. G1 and G2 mice received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Following completion, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed on forelimb grip strength and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA) muscle weights, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), levels of muscle, and serum protein markers were also determined. RESULTS: LI80020F4 increased nitrite production in EAhy926 cells in a dose-dependent manner. LI80020F4 induced C2C12 myotube formation, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulated the expressions of activated mTOR and other mitochondria and myogenic proteins, and mitigated H(2)O(2)-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in the myoblast cells. In the animal study, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bw LI80020F4 doses significantly (P < 0.05) increased the animals’ forelimb grip strength. Mid- and high-dose groups showed increased swimming time, increased muscle weight, CSA, muscle growth-related, and mitochondrial protein expressions in the GA muscles. CONCLUSION: LI80020F4 increases nitric oxide production in the endothelial cells, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, upregulates skeletal muscle growth-related protein expressions and reduces oxidative stress; together, it explains the basis of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4. Open Academia 2023-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10619412/ /pubmed/37920678 http://dx.doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9750 Text en © 2023 Swaraj Sinha et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Sinha, Swaraj Alluri, Krishnaraju Venkata Somepalli, Venkateswarlu Golakoti, Trimurtulu Sengupta, Krishanu A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title | A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title_full | A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title_fullStr | A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title_full_unstemmed | A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title_short | A synergistic blend of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
title_sort | synergistic blend of garcinia mangostana fruit rind and cinnamomum tamala leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and muscle growth and strength in mice |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37920678 http://dx.doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9750 |
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