Cargando…
Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys
BACKGROUND: Soccer is one of the most attractive sports around the globe for children and adolescents, and the benefits of soccer training are often shown. Due to the intermittent character of soccer with random changes between high-intensity activity and low-intensity play, athletes’ aerobic (respi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37919774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00757-6 |
_version_ | 1785130357003124736 |
---|---|
author | Dridi, Rim Dridi, Nadia Gmada, Nabil Laher, Ismail Saeidi, Ayoub Granacher, Urs Zouhal, Hassane |
author_facet | Dridi, Rim Dridi, Nadia Gmada, Nabil Laher, Ismail Saeidi, Ayoub Granacher, Urs Zouhal, Hassane |
author_sort | Dridi, Rim |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Soccer is one of the most attractive sports around the globe for children and adolescents, and the benefits of soccer training are often shown. Due to the intermittent character of soccer with random changes between high-intensity activity and low-intensity play, athletes’ aerobic (respiratory) capacity is specifically stimulated. However, little is known about the effects of regular soccer practice on pulmonary diffusion capacity (TL) in young players, even though it is the most popular sport in the world. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of 28 weeks of regular soccer training versus a non-activity control period on the TL, the alveolar-capillary membrane diffusion capacity (DM) as well as the capillary blood volume (Vc) in healthy prepubertal boys aged 6 to 10 years. METHODS: For this purpose, boys were randomly assigned to a soccer training group (SG, n = 40) or a control group (CG, n = 40). Pre and post-intervention, all participants performed an all-out graded bicycle ergometer test to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and maximal aerobic power (MAP). A respiratory maneuver was performed at rest and just at the end of the test to measure the TL for carbon monoxide (TL(CO)) and nitric oxide (TL(NO)), DM, as well as Vc. RESULTS: There were no significant baseline between-group differences for any of the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). Significant group-by-time interactions were found for most pulmonary parameters measured at rest (p < 0.05), with effect size (ES) values ranging from small-to-large (0.2 < ES < 4.0), except for VA (p = 0.3, ES = 0.006). Post-hoc tests indicated significant DM (p < 0.05; 0.2 < ES < 4.0), TL(NO) (p < 0.01; 0.22 < ES < 4.0), TL(CO) (p < 0,01; 0.24 < ES < 4.0) and Vc (p = 0.01; 0.404 < ES < 0.6) improvements for SG but not CG. Significant group-by-time effects were identified for HRmax and VO(2)max (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005; ES = 0.23 respectively). The post-hoc analyses indicated a significant decrease in HRmax and a significant increase in VO(2)max in the SG (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005, ES = 0.23, respectively) but not in CG. Values for TL(CO) increased by almost 20%; Vc of 14% DM of 8% and VA of 10% at the end of maximal exercise in SG. Furthermore, the percentage improvement was less notable in the control group (7.5% for TL(CO); 2% for Vc; 5% for DM and 4% for VA). CONCLUSION: Regular soccer training significantly improves pulmonary vascular function and increases DM and Vc after exercise in prepubertal boys. The observed adaptations are most likely due to better recruitment of additional pulmonary capillary function. However, the stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that increases in pulmonary vascular function were not related to improvements in VO(2max) and MAP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-023-00757-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10621163 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106211632023-11-03 Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys Dridi, Rim Dridi, Nadia Gmada, Nabil Laher, Ismail Saeidi, Ayoub Granacher, Urs Zouhal, Hassane BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Research BACKGROUND: Soccer is one of the most attractive sports around the globe for children and adolescents, and the benefits of soccer training are often shown. Due to the intermittent character of soccer with random changes between high-intensity activity and low-intensity play, athletes’ aerobic (respiratory) capacity is specifically stimulated. However, little is known about the effects of regular soccer practice on pulmonary diffusion capacity (TL) in young players, even though it is the most popular sport in the world. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of 28 weeks of regular soccer training versus a non-activity control period on the TL, the alveolar-capillary membrane diffusion capacity (DM) as well as the capillary blood volume (Vc) in healthy prepubertal boys aged 6 to 10 years. METHODS: For this purpose, boys were randomly assigned to a soccer training group (SG, n = 40) or a control group (CG, n = 40). Pre and post-intervention, all participants performed an all-out graded bicycle ergometer test to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and maximal aerobic power (MAP). A respiratory maneuver was performed at rest and just at the end of the test to measure the TL for carbon monoxide (TL(CO)) and nitric oxide (TL(NO)), DM, as well as Vc. RESULTS: There were no significant baseline between-group differences for any of the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). Significant group-by-time interactions were found for most pulmonary parameters measured at rest (p < 0.05), with effect size (ES) values ranging from small-to-large (0.2 < ES < 4.0), except for VA (p = 0.3, ES = 0.006). Post-hoc tests indicated significant DM (p < 0.05; 0.2 < ES < 4.0), TL(NO) (p < 0.01; 0.22 < ES < 4.0), TL(CO) (p < 0,01; 0.24 < ES < 4.0) and Vc (p = 0.01; 0.404 < ES < 0.6) improvements for SG but not CG. Significant group-by-time effects were identified for HRmax and VO(2)max (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005; ES = 0.23 respectively). The post-hoc analyses indicated a significant decrease in HRmax and a significant increase in VO(2)max in the SG (p < 0.001; ES = 0.5 and p = 0.005, ES = 0.23, respectively) but not in CG. Values for TL(CO) increased by almost 20%; Vc of 14% DM of 8% and VA of 10% at the end of maximal exercise in SG. Furthermore, the percentage improvement was less notable in the control group (7.5% for TL(CO); 2% for Vc; 5% for DM and 4% for VA). CONCLUSION: Regular soccer training significantly improves pulmonary vascular function and increases DM and Vc after exercise in prepubertal boys. The observed adaptations are most likely due to better recruitment of additional pulmonary capillary function. However, the stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that increases in pulmonary vascular function were not related to improvements in VO(2max) and MAP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-023-00757-6. BioMed Central 2023-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10621163/ /pubmed/37919774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00757-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Dridi, Rim Dridi, Nadia Gmada, Nabil Laher, Ismail Saeidi, Ayoub Granacher, Urs Zouhal, Hassane Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title | Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title_full | Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title_fullStr | Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title_full_unstemmed | Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title_short | Regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
title_sort | regular soccer training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity in 6 to 10 year old boys |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37919774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00757-6 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dridirim regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT dridinadia regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT gmadanabil regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT laherismail regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT saeidiayoub regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT granacherurs regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys AT zouhalhassane regularsoccertrainingimprovespulmonarydiffusioncapacityin6to10yearoldboys |