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A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits

BACKGROUND: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant cell components found in the extracellular matrix that play crucial roles in fruit growth and development. AGPs demonstrate structural diversity due to the presence of a protein domain and an expanded carbohydrate moiety. Considering their molecu...

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Autores principales: Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia, Leszczuk, Agata, Zdunek, Artur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37915041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01100-3
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author Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia
Leszczuk, Agata
Zdunek, Artur
author_facet Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia
Leszczuk, Agata
Zdunek, Artur
author_sort Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant cell components found in the extracellular matrix that play crucial roles in fruit growth and development. AGPs demonstrate structural diversity due to the presence of a protein domain and an expanded carbohydrate moiety. Considering their molecular structure, the modification of glycosylation is a primary factor contributing to the functional variety of AGPs. MAIN BODY: Immunocytochemical methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of AGPs in fruit tissues. These include in situ techniques such as immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling for visualising AGP distribution at different cellular levels and ex situ methods such as Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA) for molecular characterisation and quantitative detection of isolated AGPs. The presented techniques were modified by considering the structure of AGPs and the changes that occur in fruit tissues during the development and ripening processes. These methods are based on antibodies that recognise carbohydrate chains, which are the only commercially available highly AGP-specific tools. These probes recognise AGP epitopes and identify structural modifications and changes in spatio-temporal distribution, shedding light on their functions in fruit. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a concise overview of AGP research methods, emphasising their use in fruit tissue analysis and demonstrating the accessibility gaps in other tools used in such research (e.g. antibodies against protein moieties). It underscores fruit tissue as a valuable source of AGPs and emphasises the potential for future research to understand of AGP synthesis, degradation, and their roles in various physiological processes. Moreover, the application of advanced probes for AGP visualisation is a milestone in obtaining more detailed insights into the localisation and function of these proteins within fruit.
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spelling pubmed-106211642023-11-03 A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia Leszczuk, Agata Zdunek, Artur Plant Methods Review BACKGROUND: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant cell components found in the extracellular matrix that play crucial roles in fruit growth and development. AGPs demonstrate structural diversity due to the presence of a protein domain and an expanded carbohydrate moiety. Considering their molecular structure, the modification of glycosylation is a primary factor contributing to the functional variety of AGPs. MAIN BODY: Immunocytochemical methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analyses of AGPs in fruit tissues. These include in situ techniques such as immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling for visualising AGP distribution at different cellular levels and ex situ methods such as Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA) for molecular characterisation and quantitative detection of isolated AGPs. The presented techniques were modified by considering the structure of AGPs and the changes that occur in fruit tissues during the development and ripening processes. These methods are based on antibodies that recognise carbohydrate chains, which are the only commercially available highly AGP-specific tools. These probes recognise AGP epitopes and identify structural modifications and changes in spatio-temporal distribution, shedding light on their functions in fruit. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a concise overview of AGP research methods, emphasising their use in fruit tissue analysis and demonstrating the accessibility gaps in other tools used in such research (e.g. antibodies against protein moieties). It underscores fruit tissue as a valuable source of AGPs and emphasises the potential for future research to understand of AGP synthesis, degradation, and their roles in various physiological processes. Moreover, the application of advanced probes for AGP visualisation is a milestone in obtaining more detailed insights into the localisation and function of these proteins within fruit. BioMed Central 2023-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10621164/ /pubmed/37915041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01100-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Kutyrieva-Nowak, Nataliia
Leszczuk, Agata
Zdunek, Artur
A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title_full A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title_fullStr A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title_full_unstemmed A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title_short A practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruits
title_sort practical guide to in situ and ex situ characterisation of arabinogalactan proteins (agps) in fruits
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37915041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01100-3
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