Anaesthetic Management and Physiologic Effects of Pneumoperitoneum in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Objective: This study aimed to assess the physiological changes and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 50 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I and II with mild to moderate COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I-II) scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We monitored heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO(2)), arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)), and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) levels at baseline, 30 minutes after induction or 15 minutes post-insufflation, 15 minutes post-deflation, and 60 minutes post-operative. Perioperative complications and post-operative recovery characteristics were also observed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. The correlation between HCO(3) and EtCO(2 )was plotted on a scatterplot, and Pearson’s correlation ‘r’ was calculated. The changes in physiological parameters over time were analysed using a paired t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: We observed a statistically significant but transient increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and EtCO(2 )at 30 minutes after induction or 15 minutes post-insufflation, which returned to baseline levels within 15 minutes of deflation. Similarly, arterial CO(2) and bicarbonate levels were also significantly increased at 15 minutes post-insufflation, yet remained within the normal physiological range. The study reported no serious perioperative complications, and all patients had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: While patients with mild to moderate COPD can experience transient physiological changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, these changes are generally well-tolerated and not associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be considered a safe procedure in these patients. Future research should focus on the implications and safety of this procedure in patients with severe COPD.