Anatomical and anastomotic viability indexes for stratifying the risk of anastomotic leakage in esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction

BACKGROUND: Risk prediction of anastomotic leakage using anatomical and vascular factors has not been well established. This study aimed to assess the anatomical and vascular factors affecting the hemodynamics of the gastric conduit and develop a novel risk stratification system in patients undergoing esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 202 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube retrosternal reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2020. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL), including the anatomical index (AI) and anastomotic viability index (AVI), were evaluated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: According to the logistic regression model, the independent risk factors for AL were preoperative body mass index ≥23.6 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 7.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44–26.00; P < 0.01), AI <1.4 (OR, 23.90; 95% CI, 5.02–114.00; P < 0.01), and AVI <0.62 (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 2.57–25.00; P < 0.01). The patients were stratified into four AL risk groups using AI and AVI as follows: low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [2/99, 2.0%]), intermediate low‐risk group (AI ≥1.4, AVI <0.62 [2/29, 6.9%]), intermediate high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI ≥0.62 [8/53, 15.1%]), and high‐risk group (AI <1.4, AVI <0.62 [11/21, 52.4%]). CONCLUSION: The combination of AI and AVI strongly predicted AL. Additionally, the use of AI and AVI enabled the stratification of the risk of AL in patients who underwent esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction.