Investigating the activity of Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) additives on the thermochemical energy storage performance of limestone waste

Efficient and reliable energy storage systems are necessary to address the intermittency and variability of renewable energy sources. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) has emerged as a promising solution for long-term renewable energy storage, with limestone being a widely studied material due to its abundance and high energy density. However, the practical implementation of limestone-based TCES systems faces challenges related to performance degradation upon multiple energy storage/release cycles, impacting their long-term viability and efficiency. In this study, we investigate the activity of Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) additives on the thermochemical energy storage performance of limestone waste. Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) additives were synthesized by a wet precipitation method using three different Ca/Fe molar ratios and added to limestone waste in a 5, 10, and 20 weight concentration. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, and XPS techniques. The thermal properties and heat storage performance of the samples were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis of calcination/carbonation cycling experiments. The results demonstrate the potential of Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) additives to improve the cycling stability and energy storage density of limestone-based TCES systems. The sample with 5 wt% of Ca(2)Fe(2)O(5) additive having Ca : Fe molar ratio of 1 : 1 outperformed all samples with an effective conversion rate of 0.21 after 40 cycles, 1.31 times higher than limestone waste.