Using the Simulated Patient Method to Evaluate the Community Pharmacy Management of Childhood Diarrhoea: A Systematic Review

The simulated patient method has been widely used to assess community pharmacy practice in the management of childhood diarrhoea. In such a process, a community pharmacist is required to explore a patient’s history, choose the right medication and provide drug-related information. The aim of this review was to evaluate the aforementioned practice. A comprehensive literature search was carried out over Sage Journal, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, and the analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Eligible articles were those published from 2011 to 2021 and original studies that used the simulated patient method to examine the pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists in relation to childhood diarrhoea. The eight studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were reviewed. These investigations were undertaken in Brazil, Nigeria, Turkey, Ethiopia and Pakistan. Five of the studies focused on history taking with regard to the characteristics of diarrhoea and revealed that the evaluated pharmacists asked about patient histories. In terms of therapy, three studies indicated that the evaluated pharmacists recommended the administration of oral rehydration salts. Pharmacies should improve their history-taking process, provide drug-related information and recommend therapies to increase the knowledge of simulated patients about diarrhoea treatment in children.