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Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies

Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in childre...

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Autores principales: Ha, Eun Kyo, Kim, Ju Hee, Han, Man Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Pediatric Society 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37350170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00472
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author Ha, Eun Kyo
Kim, Ju Hee
Han, Man Yong
author_facet Ha, Eun Kyo
Kim, Ju Hee
Han, Man Yong
author_sort Ha, Eun Kyo
collection PubMed
description Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in children is currently unknown, epidemiological investigations have reported cases in pediatric populations. Clinical manifestations of long COVID in children include respiratory symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, as well as neuropsychiatric and general conditions, including fatigue, headache, and muscle weakness. The pathophysiology of long COVID in children is still being investigated, but potential mechanisms include viral persistence, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for long COVID in children are not yet well understood, but studies have suggested that children with a history of severe acute COVID-19 infection or comorbidities may be at increased risk. Evaluation for respiratory symptoms of long COVID in children is essential, including spirometry and imaging studies to assess lung function and any potential damage. Furthermore, long COVID in children has been associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than in adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these aspects in pediatric patients. Although our understanding of long COVID in children and adolescents is still evolving, it is clear that the condition can have significant impacts on their health and well-being. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology of long COVID in children and adolescents, and to discuss potential management strategies based on existing evidence.
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spelling pubmed-106260262023-11-07 Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies Ha, Eun Kyo Kim, Ju Hee Han, Man Yong Clin Exp Pediatr Review Article Long coronavirus disease (COVID), also known as postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been defined as signs and symptoms which persist for 4 weeks or even lasting for 6 months after the initial infection. Although the prevalence of long COVID in children is currently unknown, epidemiological investigations have reported cases in pediatric populations. Clinical manifestations of long COVID in children include respiratory symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, as well as neuropsychiatric and general conditions, including fatigue, headache, and muscle weakness. The pathophysiology of long COVID in children is still being investigated, but potential mechanisms include viral persistence, autoimmunity, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for long COVID in children are not yet well understood, but studies have suggested that children with a history of severe acute COVID-19 infection or comorbidities may be at increased risk. Evaluation for respiratory symptoms of long COVID in children is essential, including spirometry and imaging studies to assess lung function and any potential damage. Furthermore, long COVID in children has been associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than in adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing these aspects in pediatric patients. Although our understanding of long COVID in children and adolescents is still evolving, it is clear that the condition can have significant impacts on their health and well-being. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology of long COVID in children and adolescents, and to discuss potential management strategies based on existing evidence. Korean Pediatric Society 2023-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10626026/ /pubmed/37350170 http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00472 Text en Copyright © 2023 by The Korean Pediatric Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Ha, Eun Kyo
Kim, Ju Hee
Han, Man Yong
Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title_full Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title_fullStr Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title_full_unstemmed Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title_short Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
title_sort long covid in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37350170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00472
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