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Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation

Addressing global health crises requires a receptive and expedient policy environment to minimise delays in making available potentially life-saving technologies. Over time, the policy environment has adapted to ensure that communities have expedited access to promising technologies, such as vaccine...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mercuri, Mathew, Hackett, Kristy, Upshur, Ross, Emerson, Claudia Isabel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37918871
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013480
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author Mercuri, Mathew
Hackett, Kristy
Upshur, Ross
Emerson, Claudia Isabel
author_facet Mercuri, Mathew
Hackett, Kristy
Upshur, Ross
Emerson, Claudia Isabel
author_sort Mercuri, Mathew
collection PubMed
description Addressing global health crises requires a receptive and expedient policy environment to minimise delays in making available potentially life-saving technologies. Over time, the policy environment has adapted to ensure that communities have expedited access to promising technologies, such as vaccines, that can mitigate morbidity and mortality. Emergency authorisations are one such policy mechanism. While these have been employed successfully for several diseases, such as influenza, Ebola and COVID-19, the policy mechanism is tied to contexts where key bodies have designated the disease an ‘emergency’, whereas no equivalent mechanism exists for those failing to acquire the designation (eg, malaria and tuberculosis). In this paper, we examine ethical issues associated with emergency authorisations. We argue that there is no moral difference between those diseases considered emergencies and many that fail to be designated as such with respect to impact on affected communities. Thus, tying access to an expedient policy mechanism for approval to an emergency designation is ethically unjustified—it should be based on considerations of risks and benefits, the disease burden and the values of the communities that carry those risks and not contingent on if the disease is designated an emergency. We suggest the need to further enhance the policy environment to ensure access to similar expedited approval programmes irrespective of if a disease is an emergency. Levelling the field for access to expedited approval programmes across diseases can help in moving towards achieving global health equity but is not a panacea.
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spelling pubmed-106268672023-11-07 Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation Mercuri, Mathew Hackett, Kristy Upshur, Ross Emerson, Claudia Isabel BMJ Glob Health Analysis Addressing global health crises requires a receptive and expedient policy environment to minimise delays in making available potentially life-saving technologies. Over time, the policy environment has adapted to ensure that communities have expedited access to promising technologies, such as vaccines, that can mitigate morbidity and mortality. Emergency authorisations are one such policy mechanism. While these have been employed successfully for several diseases, such as influenza, Ebola and COVID-19, the policy mechanism is tied to contexts where key bodies have designated the disease an ‘emergency’, whereas no equivalent mechanism exists for those failing to acquire the designation (eg, malaria and tuberculosis). In this paper, we examine ethical issues associated with emergency authorisations. We argue that there is no moral difference between those diseases considered emergencies and many that fail to be designated as such with respect to impact on affected communities. Thus, tying access to an expedient policy mechanism for approval to an emergency designation is ethically unjustified—it should be based on considerations of risks and benefits, the disease burden and the values of the communities that carry those risks and not contingent on if the disease is designated an emergency. We suggest the need to further enhance the policy environment to ensure access to similar expedited approval programmes irrespective of if a disease is an emergency. Levelling the field for access to expedited approval programmes across diseases can help in moving towards achieving global health equity but is not a panacea. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10626867/ /pubmed/37918871 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013480 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Analysis
Mercuri, Mathew
Hackett, Kristy
Upshur, Ross
Emerson, Claudia Isabel
Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title_full Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title_fullStr Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title_full_unstemmed Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title_short Expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
title_sort expediting approval for medical countermeasures to address high burden disease: an ethical justification to move beyond emergency use authorisation
topic Analysis
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37918871
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013480
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