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Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface
Iron plays a crucial role in the biochemistry and development of nearly all living organisms. Iron starvation of pathogens during infection is a striking feature utilized by a host to quell infection. In mammals and some other animals, iron is essentially obtained from diet and recycled from erythro...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37942316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279826 |
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author | Ullah, Inam Lang, Minglin |
author_facet | Ullah, Inam Lang, Minglin |
author_sort | Ullah, Inam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Iron plays a crucial role in the biochemistry and development of nearly all living organisms. Iron starvation of pathogens during infection is a striking feature utilized by a host to quell infection. In mammals and some other animals, iron is essentially obtained from diet and recycled from erythrocytes. Free iron is cytotoxic and is readily available to invading pathogens. During infection, most pathogens utilize host iron for their survival. Therefore, to ensure limited free iron, the host’s natural system denies this metal in a process termed nutritional immunity. In this fierce battle for iron, hosts win over some pathogens, but others have evolved mechanisms to overdrive the host barriers. Production of siderophores, heme iron thievery, and direct binding of transferrin and lactoferrin to bacterial receptors are some of the pathogens’ successful strategies which are highlighted in this review. The intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens in iron alteration systems is crucial for understanding host defense mechanisms and pathogen virulence. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of host and pathogen iron alteration systems and propose future research directions to enhance our knowledge in this field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10627961 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106279612023-11-08 Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface Ullah, Inam Lang, Minglin Front Immunol Immunology Iron plays a crucial role in the biochemistry and development of nearly all living organisms. Iron starvation of pathogens during infection is a striking feature utilized by a host to quell infection. In mammals and some other animals, iron is essentially obtained from diet and recycled from erythrocytes. Free iron is cytotoxic and is readily available to invading pathogens. During infection, most pathogens utilize host iron for their survival. Therefore, to ensure limited free iron, the host’s natural system denies this metal in a process termed nutritional immunity. In this fierce battle for iron, hosts win over some pathogens, but others have evolved mechanisms to overdrive the host barriers. Production of siderophores, heme iron thievery, and direct binding of transferrin and lactoferrin to bacterial receptors are some of the pathogens’ successful strategies which are highlighted in this review. The intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens in iron alteration systems is crucial for understanding host defense mechanisms and pathogen virulence. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of host and pathogen iron alteration systems and propose future research directions to enhance our knowledge in this field. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10627961/ /pubmed/37942316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279826 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ullah and Lang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Ullah, Inam Lang, Minglin Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title | Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title_full | Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title_fullStr | Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title_full_unstemmed | Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title_short | Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
title_sort | key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627961/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37942316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279826 |
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