Influences of Mg-activation on sugarcane bagasse biochar characteristics and its PNP removing potentials from contaminated water

Biochar as a substitute eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent is introduced for removing p-nitrophenol (PNP) one of the most important chemical contaminant that recognized as the main metabolite in many pesticides and an intermediate compound in many industries. Physicochemical characteristics of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCBB) and its Mg-activation (ASCBB) generated at 500 °C for 30 min were investigate. Batch kinetic experiment was conducted (200 mg L(−1) PNP) to evaluate sorption efficiency of both tested biochars. To study the reaction behavior of PNP adsorption on ASCBB, solution pH and isotherm experiment of different concentrations and dosages were as investigated. The results show that ASCBB had a higher biochar yield, ash content, pH, molar ratios (H/C and O/C), surface area, pore volume, mean pore diameter, and specific and thick wall structure than SCBB. The efficiency of ASCBB to remove PNP was higher than SCBB which reached 51.98% in the first 1 min., and pH 7 achieved the optimum adsorption. Pseudo-second-order model examination exhibited well fitted to explain the adsorption results depending on R(2) value (1.00). The adsorption isotherm results were well described by the Elovich and Freundlich models depending on the R(2), q(m) and n values, which means the formation of a multilayer of PNP on the ASCBB surface through the chemisorption reaction. The calculated q(m) (144.93 mg g(−1)) of 1g L(−1) was relatively close with experimental value (142.03 mg g(−1)). The PNP adsorption mechanism on both biochar types was electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions, which were confirmed by studying the surface reactions before and after adsorption. Overall, the current study provided a successful waste biomass-derived biochar as a conducive alternative eco-sorbent to eliminate p-nitrophenol from wastewater.