First observation of fluid-like eddy-dominant bursty bulk flow turbulence in the Earth’s tail plasma sheet

Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in neutral and conductive fluids. According to classical theory, turbulence is a rotating flow containing vortices of different scales. Eddies play a fundamental role in the nonlinear cascade of kinetic energy at different scales in turbulent flow. In conductive fluids, the Alfvénic/kinetic Alfvénic wave (AW/KAW) is the new “cell” of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence (frozen-in condition). Wave energy, which has equal kinetic and magnetic energy, is redistributed among multiple-scale Fourier modes and transferred from the large MHD scale to the small kinetic scale through the collision of counter-propagating Alfvénic wave packages propagating along the magnetic field line. Fluid-like eddy-dominant plasma flow turbulence has never been found in space since the launch of the first satellite in 1957. In this paper, we report the first observation of eddy-dominant turbulence within magnetic reconnection-generated fast flow in the Earth’s tail plasma sheet by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS). In eddy-dominant turbulent reconnection jet, ions dominate the flow field while electrons dominate current and magnetic fluctuations. Our findings shed new light on the nonlinear kinetic and magnetic energy cascade in MHD turbulence.