Anticorrosive performance of newly synthesized dipyridine based ionic liquids by experimental and theoretical approaches

Two newly synthetic nontoxic dipyridine-based ionic liquids (P(ILs)) with the same chain lengths and different polar groups were investigated: bispyridine-1-ium tetrafluoroborate (BPHP, TFPHP) with terminal polar groups Br and CF(3), respectively, on Carbon steel (CS) in 8M H(3)PO(4) as corrosion inhibitors. Their chemical structure was verified by performing (1)HNMR and (13)CNMR. Their corrosion inhibition was investigated by electrochemical tests, especially as mass transfer with several characterizations: Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), UV–visible, Atomic force microscope, Atomic absorbance spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Gloss value. Theoretical calculation using density functional theory by calculating several parameters, molecular electrostatic potential, Fukui Indices, and Local Dual Descriptors were performed to demonstrate the reactivity behavior and the reactive sites of two molecules with a concentration range (1.25–37.5 × 10(–5) M) and temperature (293–318 K). The maximum inhibition efficiency (76.19%) and uniform coverage were sufficient for BPHP at an optimum concentration of 37.5 × 10(–5) M with the lowest temperature of 293 K. TFPHP recorded 71.43% at the same conditions. Two P(ILs) were adsorbed following the El-Awady adsorption isotherm, including physicochemical adsorption. The computational findings agree with Electrochemical measurements and thus confirm CS's corrosion protection in an aggressive environment.