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Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults
H. pylori is perhaps the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide and infects almost half of the world’s population. Despite the decreasing prevalence of infection overall, it is significant in developing countries. Most infections are acquired in childhood and persist for a lifetime unless treated....
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37936946 http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3370 |
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author | Reyes, Victor E. |
author_facet | Reyes, Victor E. |
author_sort | Reyes, Victor E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | H. pylori is perhaps the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide and infects almost half of the world’s population. Despite the decreasing prevalence of infection overall, it is significant in developing countries. Most infections are acquired in childhood and persist for a lifetime unless treated. Children are often asymptomatic and often develop a tolerogenic immune response that includes T regulatory cells and their products, immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This contrasts to the gastric immune response seen in H. pylori-infected adults, where the response is mainly inflammatory, with predominant Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17. Therefore, compared to adults, infected children generally have limited gastric inflammation and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori surreptitiously subverts immune defenses to persist in the human gastric mucosa for decades. The chronic infection might result in clinically significant diseases in adults, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review compares the infection in children and adults and highlights the H. pylori virulence mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and immune evasion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10629867 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106298672023-11-07 Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults Reyes, Victor E. Med Res Arch Article H. pylori is perhaps the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide and infects almost half of the world’s population. Despite the decreasing prevalence of infection overall, it is significant in developing countries. Most infections are acquired in childhood and persist for a lifetime unless treated. Children are often asymptomatic and often develop a tolerogenic immune response that includes T regulatory cells and their products, immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This contrasts to the gastric immune response seen in H. pylori-infected adults, where the response is mainly inflammatory, with predominant Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17. Therefore, compared to adults, infected children generally have limited gastric inflammation and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori surreptitiously subverts immune defenses to persist in the human gastric mucosa for decades. The chronic infection might result in clinically significant diseases in adults, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review compares the infection in children and adults and highlights the H. pylori virulence mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and immune evasion. 2022-12 2022-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10629867/ /pubmed/37936946 http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3370 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Article Reyes, Victor E. Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title | Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title_full | Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title_fullStr | Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title_short | Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults |
title_sort | helicobacter pylori immune response in children versus adults |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37936946 http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3370 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT reyesvictore helicobacterpyloriimmuneresponseinchildrenversusadults |