Pharmacogenetic Approach for the Prevention of Rivaroxaban's ADRs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacogenetics is a potential approach that can be applied to decline the burden of rivaroxaban's ADRs. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify genetic variants correlated with rivaroxaban exposure and evaluate their importance. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for all observational and interventional studies. The fixed effect method was used to pool the data when the Q-test's p value was higher than 0.1. We used random models when the p value was less than 0.1. RESULTS: Data from ten studies (4721 participants) were analyzed in the current review. Qualitative synthesis from included studies found that two variants of ABCB1 (rs1045642 and rs2032582) and one variant of APOB (rs13306198) are potential contributors to rivaroxaban concentrations. Both wild homozygotes (AA) and heterozygotes (AC) of rs1045642 have significantly lower rivaroxaban concentrations compared to mutated homozygotes (CC) (SMD = 0.516, 95% CI: 0.115 to 0.917; SMD = 0.772, 95% CI: 0.088 to 1.455, respectively). Nevertheless, pooling unadjusted odds ratios did not yield a statistically significant correlation between rivaroxaban ADRs and genetic mutations. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that being an AC or CC for rs1045642 is attributed to a considerably higher rivaroxaban level in participants using rivaroxaban. That is to say, rs1045642 is a remarkable predictor of rivaroxaban metabolism. We concluded that identifying rs1045642 before drug administration might decrease ADRs although further studies adjusted for potential confounders are strongly suggested.